西部矿区采动损害及减损开采的地质保障技术框架体系  

Geological support technology framework system for mining induced hazards and damage reduction mining of geological conditions in western mining area

作　　者：王双明[1,2,3] 孙强[1,2,3] 耿济世 袁士豪 谷超 杨多兴 牛超 路拓[1,2,3] 郭晨 张唤兰 黄海鱼[5] 师庆民[1,2,3] WANG Shuangming;SUN Qiang;GENG Jishi;YUAN Shihao;GU Chao;YANG Duoxing;NIU Chao;LU Tuo;GUO Chen;ZHANG Huanlan;HUANG Haiyu;SHI Qingmin(Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China,Beijing 100085,China;China Coal Energy Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质研究院,陕西西安710054 [4]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100085 [5]中煤能源研究院有限责任公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第9期1-13,共13页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42330808);陕西省“两链”融合重点专项项目(2023-LL-QY-05);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2024JC-YBQN-0289);陕西省博士后科研项目(2023BSHEDZZ304)。

摘　　要：【目的】煤炭在我国的主体能源地位短期内难以发生改变,是我国能源发展的兜底保障。煤炭资源大规模、高强度的开采损害煤矿区地质环境,同时导致突水、冲击地压等灾害。【方法】围绕煤矿安全高效开采面临的地质环境损害预测预警难和减损开采保障压力大等难题,基于煤炭采动损害预测与减损地质保障多学科交叉特点,突出地质条件的控灾机理和采动致灾模式,强调煤炭开采模式与地质结构演化全时空多场响应,分析采动效应下地质条件物质场、能量场、信息场的耦合机制,厘清损害模式和预警信息关键参量的映射关系,形成安全高效开采的地质保障策略和减损控灾工程技术体系。【结果和结论】研究思路为“孕灾环境→损害机制→过程响应→损害预测→防灾减损”,技术路线是“煤矿开采地质环境条件→地质结构演化规律及损害模式→多物理场演化全时空信息响应→损害监测及预测预警→减损保障工程技术”。核心内容包括:(1)剖析地质条件与致灾地质体的空间关系和成因联系,构建高精度的三维地质力学模型,阐明地质结构、开采条件和损害模式的映射关系,建立主控要素的特征参量数据库;(2)构建采动效应下的工程地质力学模型,研究开采方式、空间布局、采动速率等影响下地质条件结构的时空演化特征和损害机制,提出考虑地质体关键结构破坏演化规律的损害模式判识方法;(3)获取采动过程地质结构演化背景下的全时空多源信息响应,提出主控参量作用下的损害模式识别标准,进而厘清裂隙场、应力场、渗流场与地球物理场信息参量的镜像关系,建立基于地质条件物质场、能量场和信息场耦合响应的全时空信息映射模型;(4)构建地面-钻孔-井下的全空间、多方位、主被动的一体化多源监测体系,提出煤矿采动损害预测模型和预报方法;(5)构�Objective Coals,as the main energy in China for the long term,secure the basic needs for energy development in China.However,large-scale,intense coal mining damages the geologic environment of coal mining areas,as well as inducing hazards such as water inrushes and rock bursts.Methods To overcome the challenges in geological security through the prediction and early warning of damage to geologic environments and damage-reducing mining faced by safe,efficient coal mining,this study,based on the interdisciplinary characteristics of the geological security,highlighted the hazard control mechanisms and mining-inducing hazard patterns of geological conditions,underscored the whole-space-time multi-field responses of coal mining modes and geological structural evolution,analyzed the coupling mechanism of the material field,energy field,and information field of geological conditions under the mining effect,ascertained the mapping relationship between the damage pattern and the key parameters of early-warning information,and developed safe and efficient geological security strategies and an engineering technical system for damage reduction and hazard control.Results and Conclusions The research philosophy involves hazard-inducing environments,damage mechanisms,process response,damage prediction,and hazard prevention and damage reduction sequentially.The technical route comprises geologic environmental conditions of coal mining;the evolution laws and damage patterns of geological structures;whole-space-time information responses of multi-physical field evolution;damage monitoring,prediction,and warning;and damage-reducing security engineering technologies.Core contents are as follows:(1)Analyzing the spatial and genetic relationships between geological conditions and typical hazard-inducing geological bodies,constructing high-precision three-dimensional geomechanical models,ascertaining the mapping relationship between geological structures,mining conditions,and damage patterns,and establishing a database of characteristi

关 键 词：地质保障 地质损害 减损开采 多场信息响应 损害模式图谱 减损控灾技术 

分 类 号：TD82[矿业工程—煤矿开采]