论个人信息同意撤回权制度的适用障碍及其消除  

On the Obstacles to Application and the Elimination of the System of Information Subject’s Right to Withdraw Consent

作　　者：郭红伟 GUO Hong-wei(Law School,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学法学院,上海200237

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期99-109,共11页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“数字经济背景下民法中隐私权与个人信息保护的互动关系研究”(项目编号:JKT02242201)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《个人信息保护法》第15条规定信息主体有权撤回同意,却未明确说明同意撤回权的性质、行使条件、法律效力、权利范围等内容。学界对此各执己见,至今尚无定论,以致同意撤回权制度的适用面临诸多障碍。可结合《民法典》相关条款,“内部”界定信息主体同意为承诺、同意撤回权为任意解除权;明确信息主体禁止撤回“双保险”个人信息及例外情形、限制撤回必要个人信息;认定个人信息处理者负有主动删除义务、信息主体承担损害赔偿责任。进而结合《民法典》第1033条、第1035条、第1037条以及《个人信息保护法》第4条、第13条至第18条、第29条至第31条、第47条,“外部”厘定同意撤回权制度与告知同意规则、删除权制度的关系,构建三者的协调适用规则。“内”“外”兼施,保障同意撤回权制度的准确适用,平衡信息主体、非信息主体、个人信息处理者三者的利益。Article 15 of the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that the information subject has the right to withdraw consent,but it does not clearly state the nature,exercise conditions,legal effect,scope of rights,etc.of the right to withdraw consent.The academic circles have different opinions on this issue,but no conclusion has been reached so far,so the application of the right to withdraw consent system is faced with many obstacles.In order to resolve the above disputes,we can combine the relevant provisions of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China to“internally”define the consent of the information subject as acceptance,and the right to withdraw consent as the discretionary right to terminate;Make it clear that the information subject is prohibited from withdrawing the“double insurance”personal information and the exceptions,and is restricted from withdrawing the necessary personal information;make it recognized that the personal information processor has the obligation to actively delete personal information,and the information subject is liable for damages to the personal information processor.In addition,by combining Articles 1033,1035 and 1037 of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China and Articles 4,13 to 18,29 to 31 and 47 of the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China,we should“externally”determine the relationship between the right to withdraw consent system,the informed consent rules and the right to erase system,and build the coordinated application rules of the three.The“internal”and“external”measures are implemented at the same time to ensure the correct application of the right to withdraw consent system,and to balance the interests of information subjects,non-information subjects and personal information processors.

关 键 词：信息主体 个人信息同意撤回权 告知同意规则 删除权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]