史官人际网络与清代官方修史:以国史馆总纂缪荃孙为例  

Editor’s Interpersonal Relations and Official Historiography in the Qing Dynasty:Taking Miao Quansun as an Example

作　　者：阎昱昊 YAN Yu-hao(School of Humanities of Shenzhen University,Shenzhen Guangdong 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳大学人文学院,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期191-200,共10页Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy & Social Science Edition)

基　　金：深圳市“鹏城孔雀计划”特聘岗位人才科研启动项目“清代官修国史文献整理与研究”(项目编号:RC20240052);深圳大学青年教师科研启动经费(项目编号:纵20231829)的研究成果。

摘　　要：理解中国传统官方修史制度,应注重从参与者的角度考察制度在具体情境中的实际运作。以光绪初续修国史各传为例,总纂缪荃孙的工作可揭示清国史馆制度运作的诸多细节,而其人际网络对国史编纂有较为重要的影响。缪荃孙与史馆同事、馆外友朋探讨编纂思路,并通过馆外友朋收集参考资料,甚至请他人草拟史传初稿。与此同时,缪荃孙还面临请托等“人情世故”。士人看重国史恩荣,为使亲友或本省同乡先贤得以立传国史,会采取各类行动与史官建立联系,试图掌握编纂动态并施加影响。总的来看,史官人际网络在获取参考资料等方面有所助益史馆运作,但“人情世故”亦使史官的编纂工作面临压力与争议。In order to understand China’s traditional official historiography system,we should observe the actual operation of the system in specific situations from the perspective of the participants.For example,Miao Quansun(缪荃孙)is Zongzuan(总纂editor-in-chief)of the Qing Official History Institute at the beginning of the Guangxu period.His work revealed many details about the workings of the official historiography system.Miao’s interpersonal relationships have a relatively important influence on the compilation.Miao discussed ideas for the compilation with his colleagues,also discussed with friends outside the Qing Official History Institute through personal relationships,asked others to collect materials,and even wrote biographies for him.At the same time,people regarded the Official History as an honor.In order to have their relatives,friends,or sages from the same province included in the Official History,they would take various measures to establish contact with Miao,try to know the situation of the compilation,and exert influence.In general,the editor’s interpersonal relationships played a positive role in terms of collecting materials,but also brought pressure and controversy to the compilation work.

关 键 词：官方史学 制度运作 人际网络 缪荃孙 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]