“历史现象学”何以不可能?——论卢卡奇对海德格尔的三重批评  

Why is a“Phenomenology of History”Impossible:on Luk cs’s Threefold Critique of Heidegger

作　　者：王时中 罗海铨 WANG Shizhong;LUO Haiquan(Faculty of Philosophy,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian,China,361000;College of Philosophy,Nankai University,Tianjin,China,300071)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学哲学系,福建厦门361005 [2]南开大学哲学院,天津300071

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期12-22,共11页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：福建省社会科学基金项目“规范论视域下马克思共同体思想的深层结构与当代价值研究”(FJ2024B189)。

摘　　要：针对国内外学界长期以来从海德格尔“生存论现象学”阐发马克思“历史唯物主义”的“历史现象学”进路,重读卢卡奇对海德格尔的批评具有参考意义。卢卡奇对海德格尔哲学进行了三重批评:在第一重批评中,卢卡奇以内在批判的方式指出海德格尔的历史观是“自相矛盾”的;在第二重批评中,卢卡奇认为海德格尔现象学方法的缺陷导致其“自相矛盾”的历史观;在第三重批评中,卢卡奇认为海德格尔为了弥补“存在”的空洞,混淆了主观与客观的分别,将主观的“此在”填入了“存在”的客观之中,反而倒向一种人类学立场,并最终在两种虚无主义之间摆荡。卢卡奇对海德格尔思想的三重批评揭示了海德格尔式“历史现象学”的症结,这种批评对于考察马克思历史唯物主义与现象学传统之间的批判性关联具有重要意义。In response to the academia’s long-standing exposition of Marx’s“historical materialism”through Heidegger’s“existential phenomenology”,the approach of“historical phenomenology”entails reexamining Lukács’critiques of Heidegger,both domestically and internationally,which holds significant reference value.Luk cs offers a threefold critique of Heidegger’s philosophy:First,Luk cs states in an internal critical manner that Heidegger’s view of history is“self-contradictory”;second,Luk cs suggests that it is the flaws in Heidegger’s phenomenological method that lead to his“self-contradictory”view of history;in the third critique,Luk cs argues that Heidegger,in order to compensate for the emptiness of“Being”,confuses the distinction between subjectivity and objectivity and fills the objective of“Being”with the subjective“Dasein”,moving towards an anthropological stance instead and ultimately oscillating between two kinds of nihilism.Luk cs’s threefold critique of Heidegger’s thought reveals the crux of the Heideggerian“phenomenology of history”and is important for examining the critical connection between Marx’s historical materialism and the phenomenological tradition.

关 键 词：历史 解释学循环 存在 此在 现象学 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B516.54