马克思恩格斯关于自治的思想理论探察  

An Exploration of Marx and Engels Thoughts and Theories on Autonomy

作　　者：许耀桐 XU Yaotong

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学马克思主义学院,福建福州350117 [2]中共中央党校/国家行政学院,北京100091

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期20-32,169,170,共15页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义国家治理理论研究”(22&ZD005)。

摘　　要：自治,是马克思恩格斯学说中的一个重要思想理论,包括三大内涵:关于自治问题的基本认识和基本原理、围绕自治现实状况展开的批判斗争以及对古代至近代自治历史的深入研究。马克思和恩格斯从社会问题入手,阐发了关于自治的观点和主张,对黑格尔的自治、自为、异化的唯心主义观念进行了彻底清算,创立了无产阶级的社会主义自治思想理论。马克思和恩格斯对世界上存在的印度村社、俄国公社的自治遭到资产阶级统治和资本主义制度以及封建势力的扼杀,予以声讨和谴责,并且始终支持爱尔兰的民族独立和自治运动;他们对巴枯宁的无政府主义和歪曲自治同权威、集中关系的谬论作出深刻的揭露批判。马克思和恩格斯以宽阔的眼界、深邃的目光,审视了历史上氏族社会发生并存留下来的自治,揭示了自治的基本特征和实质。通过理论生成与实践总结,通过开展现实的批判斗争,通过历史考察与深入分析,马克思和恩格斯建构了涵蕴自治的基本含义、基本观点、基本原理、基本原则在内的宏大、完整的思想理论体系。Autonomy is a significant aspect of Marx and Engels thought and theory,which encompasses three major dimensions:a basic understanding and fundamental principles regarding autonomy,the critical struggle concerning the reality of autonomy,and an in-depth study of its historical development.Marx and Engels expounded their views and propositions on autonomy from social issues,thoroughly repudiated Hegel s idealist concepts of autonomy,self-seeking and alienation,and established the socialist theory of proletarian autonomy.They denounced and condemned the suppression of autonomy in the Indian village community and the Russian commune by bourgeois rule,the capitalist system,and feudal forces,while consistently supporting the national independence and autonomy movement in Ireland.Moreover,they deeply exposed and criticized Bakunin s anarchism and his distortions of the relationship between autonomy,authority,and centralization.With broad and profound vision,Marx and Engels examined the remnants of autonomy from clan societies in history,revealing its basic characteristics and essence.Through theoretical formulation,practical summation,realistic critical struggle,historical investigation and in-depth analysis,Marx and Engels constructed a comprehensive and complete ideological system including the fundamental meanings,viewpoints,theories,and basic principles of autonomy.

关 键 词：马克思 恩格斯 自治 民族 氏族 俄国 印度 爱尔兰 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]