一株秸秆降解菌株的筛选及降解效果研究  

Screening of a Straw Degradation Strain and Study on Its Degradation Effect

作　　者：冉一智 令狐美林 马士晋 张子纯 田兵 刘静 谢静 刘克 郝俊[5] 李江[1] RAN Yizhi;LINGHU Meilin;MA Shijin;ZHANG Zichun;TIAN Bing;LIU Jing;XIE Jing;LIU Ke;HAO Jun;LI Jiang(College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Yingbaiwo Environmental Technology Inc.,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Guiyang 550001,China;Guizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center,Guiyang 550001,China;College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州英百沃环境科技有限公司,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州省农业生态与资源保护站,贵州贵阳550001 [4]贵州省农业科技发展中心,贵州贵阳550001 [5]贵州大学动物科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第5期118-124,共7页Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政生态资源保护(农作物秸杆综合利用)资助项目(P52000020230009V6)。

摘　　要：目前,农作物秸秆还田面临着时间长、腐熟慢、腐殖质转化低等问题,还田过程中添加秸秆降解功能菌株能有效地解决这一弊端。以腐败秸秆和土壤作为菌源,分离筛选得到一株对木质纤维素有较好降解能力的菌株TP-125,结合形态学和分子生物学将该菌株鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis,摇瓶培养获得TP-125的最佳指数生长期为22 h;通过产酶培养基发酵,菌株TP-125的滤纸酶活在第5天达到最高,为16.76 U/mL;内切β-葡聚糖酶活在第6天达到最高,为22.16 U/mL。将筛选出的优势降解菌TP-125发酵为菌液同市场上所售3种腐熟剂对比,接种至油菜、玉米、辣椒和薏仁米4种秸秆,掩埋至土中进行降解腐熟。腐熟14 d后,结果显示:TP-125的综合秸秆降解效果稳定且不弱于其他3种市售的腐熟剂,对油菜秸秆纤维素、木质素和半纤维素的降解率达28.30%、30.80%和53.40%,腐殖质碳含量最大,达到328.22 g/kg。综上所述,菌株TP-125在降解农作物秸秆方面有较好的应用潜力,可作为农作物秸秆腐熟剂的候选菌株。At present,crop straw returning to the field is faced with some problems,such as long time,slow maturity and low humus transformation,which can be effectively solved by adding straw degradation bacteria in the process of returning crop straw to the field.In this study,using rotten straw and soil as bacterial sources,a strain TP-125 with good ability to degrade lignocellulose was isolated and screened.Combined with morphology and molecular biology,the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis,and the best exponential growth period of TP-125 was 22 h.Through enzyme-producing medium fermentation,the filter paper enzyme activity of strain TP-125 reached the highest on the 5th day,which was 16.76 U/mL.The activity of Endo-β-glucanase reached the highest level on the 6th day,which was 22.16 U/mL.The fermentation broth of the dominant degrading bacteria TP-125 was compared with three kinds of ripening agents sold on the market,and inoculated into rape,corn,pepper and barley straw,buried in the soil for degradation and maturity.After 14 days of maturity,the results show that the comprehensive straw degradation effect of TP-125 is stable and not weaker than the other three maturity agents of the market,among which the degradation effect of Coix seed straw is the best,and the degradation rates of cellulose,lignin,and hemicellulose in rapeseed straw is 28.30%,30.80%,and 53.40%,respectively,the carbon content of humus is the highest,reaching 328.22 g/kg.To sum up,strain TP-125 has a good application potential in the degradation of crop straw and can be used as a candidate strain for crop straw decomposition agent.

关 键 词：农作物秸秆 纤维素降解菌 分离鉴定 枯草芽孢杆菌 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]