珠三角典型重金属污染农田土壤调理剂筛选田间试验研究  

Field screening experiments of soil conditioners for typical heavy metal-polluted farmland in Pearl River Delta

作　　者：周雪萍 简桂宏 程细江 梁作恒 李海辉 杨光菲 王进进[2] ZHOU Xueping;JIAN Guihong;CHENG Xijiang;LIANG Zuoheng;LI Haihui;YANG Guangfei;WANG Jinjin(Agricultural Service Center,Nanlang Street,Zhongshan 528451,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省中山市南朗街道农业服务中心,广东中山528451 [2]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第9期1969-1978,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFD1700103);中山市社会公益与基础研究项目(200826113620079)。

摘　　要：为探究不同土壤调理剂对农田土壤和稻米中重金属含量的影响,筛选适宜的耕地污染修复治理方法,实现精准选用调理剂进行安全生产的目的,本试验分析了市售6种土壤调理剂在4种不同早晚造用量条件下对土壤pH值、土壤重金属总量、土壤有效态Cd含量、稻米重金属含量和稻米产量的影响。结果表明:施用6种调理剂均可提高土壤pH值,6种调理剂对土壤pH值的提升效果排序为金葵子>粤田>营养阻控剂>天象>铁基生物炭>铁改性木本泥炭,pH增幅为3.2%~24.3%。施用6种土壤调理剂不会额外增加土壤中各重金属总量,且均能降低土壤中有效态Cd含量,降低有效态Cd效果排序为粤田(3、2、1、4)>铁基生物炭(3)>天象(2、4、3)>营养阻控剂(1、3)>金葵子(1),降幅达25.0%~58.3%。6种土壤调理剂均能降低早造稻米中Cd含量,降Cd效果排序为天象(2)>天象(1)>天象(3)>铁改性木本泥炭(1)>铁改性木本泥炭(2)>天象(4)>铁基生物炭(4)>粤田(1),降幅为47.8%~67.5%,降低后稻米中Cd含量均低于《食品安全国家标准》(GB 2762—2022)中糙米Cd限量标准0.2 mg·kg^(-1)。施用6种土壤调理剂对水稻产量无显著影响,产量均未低于对照组的90%,满足安全生产要求。针对珠三角典型重金属污染农田,推荐按天象(2)的方式进行处理,即早造每公顷施加2250 kg天象调理剂、晚造每公顷施加2250 kg天象调理剂,该方式可显著提高稻田土壤pH值、降低稻田土壤中有效态Cd含量、降低稻米中Cd含量,且不影响稻米产量。To investigate the effects of different soil conditioners on the heavy metal content of soil and rice,screen suitable remediation methods for contaminated farmland,and realize the precise selection of conditioners for safe production,the effects of six commercially available soil conditioners on soil pH,heavy metal content in soil and rice,effective-state Cd content of soil,and rice yield were analyzed under four different early-maturing and late-maturing rice dosage conditions.The results showed that all of the conditioners increased soil pH,and this pH enhancement effect was in the order Jinkuizi>Yuetian>nutrient blockers>Tianxiang>iron-modified biochar>iron modified woody peat,with the increase ranging from 3.2%to 24.3%.None of the conditioners additionally increased the total amount of each heavy metal in soil samples,and all of them reduced the effective-state Cd content of soil after application,and the order of effective state Cd reduction was as follows:Yuetian(3,2,1,4)>iron-modified biochar(3)>Tianxiang(2,4,3)>nutrient blockers(1,3)>Jinkuizi(1),with a reduction of 25.0%-58.3%.All the six conditioners reduced the Cd content in the early-maturing rice,and the Cd reduction effect was in the order Tianxiang(2)>Tianxiang(1)>Tianxiang(3)>iron-modified woody peat(1)>iron-modified woody peat(2)>Tianxiang(4)>iron-modified biochar(4)>Yuetian(1),with a reduction range of 47.8%-67.5%,and the Cd content in the reduced rice was in accord with the relevant standards.There were no significant effects on rice yields after the application of the six soil conditioners,and none of the experimental groups with reduced yields decreased by<90%that of the control group,which satisfied the relevant requirements.For typical heavy metal contaminated farmland in the Pearl River Delta,it is recommended that treatment be carried out according to the method of Tianxiang(2),i.e.,applying 2250 kg of Tianxiang conditioner per hectare during early planting and 2250 kg of Tianxiang conditioner per hectare during late planting,which can sig

关 键 词：土壤调理剂 农田土壤 重金属 水稻 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]