麦饭石和硝酸钾添加对石油污染土壤的生物修复作用  

Comparative study on the petroleum hydrocarbon removal and ecotoxicity inhibition effects by medical stone and potassium nitrate addition in petroleum-polluted soil

作　　者：杨钊[1] 刘泽梁 冯爽 张旭红 吴蔓莉[1] YANG Zhao;LIU Zeliang;FENG Shuang;ZHANG Xuhong;WU Manli(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering,Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource,Environment and Ecology,School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Xi′an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi′an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境工程重点实验室,西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第9期2014-2021,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52070154);陕西省科技厅重点研发计划项目(2023-YBNY-251)。

摘　　要：为研究麦饭石和硝酸钾对石油污染土壤的生物修复作用,本试验通过向石油污染土壤中投加麦饭石和硝酸钾,比较了两种修复剂对不同污染时长土壤中石油烃的去除作用和毒性抑制效果。结果表明:对于新污染土壤,施加硝酸钾和麦饭石修复110 d后,总石油烃(Total petroleum hydrocarbon,TPH)的去除率分别为12.03%和17.09%。其中,施加硝酸钾修复45 d时主要增强了土壤微生物的硝化潜力,修复后期(第46~110天)主要通过强化好氧反硝化作用实现对TPH的去除。对于陈旧性污染土壤,投加硝酸钾和麦饭石修复110 d后,TPH去除率分别为24.41%和22.07%,石油烃的去除主要发生在修复后期(第46~110天)。陈旧性污染土壤中添加硝酸钾提高了土壤微生物固氮和硝化潜力。麦饭石的添加对不同污染时长土壤中石油烃的去除主要通过吸附作用实现。蚯蚓急性毒性实验结果表明,麦饭石处理组蚯蚓7 d平均死亡率为35%,显著低于对照组的60%和硝酸钾处理组的100%死亡率,表明施入硝酸钾修复显著增强了土壤的生态毒性,施入麦饭石可降低石油污染土壤的生态毒性。研究表明,相比硝酸钾,麦饭石兼具石油烃去除和降低土壤生态毒性的作用,可作为一种优质修复剂处理石油污染土壤。In order to study the bioremediation effect of medical stone and potassium nitrate on petroleum contaminated soil.This study compared the petroleum hydrocarbon removal and toxicity inhibition effects of two remediation agents in oil-polluted soil with different pollution durations.The results showed that for freshly polluted soil,the removal rates of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPH)were 12.03%and 17.09%,respectively,after applying potassium nitrate and medical stone after 110 days of remediation.The application of potassium nitrate for remediation mainly enhanced the nitrification potential of soil microorganisms from 0 to 45 days,while the removal of TPH is mainly achieved by enhancing nitrate assimilation or dissimilation,including aerobic denitrification.For aged-polluted soil from 46 to 110 days,the removal rates of TPH were 24.41%and 22.07%,respectively,by adding potassium nitrate and medical stone to the polluted soils,and the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons mainly occurred during the period of 46-110 days.The addition of potassium nitrate increased the soil microbial nitrogen fixation and nitrification potential.Medical stone amendment mainly achieved petroleum hydrocarbon removal through adsorption.The acute toxicity test showed that the average mortality rate of earthworms was 35%in the soil treated with medical stone,which was significantly lower than that in the control experiment with a 60%mortality rate and the 100%mortality rate of earthworms in the potassium nitrate treated soil.This study demonstrated that the application of potassium nitrate significantly enhanced soil ecotoxicity,while the application of medical stone inhibited the ecotoxicity of oil-contaminated soil.Medical stone has a good effect on both inhibition of ecological toxicity and promotion of hydrocarbon removal and could be used as a high-quality remediation agent for oil contaminated remediation.

关 键 词：石油污染土壤 生物刺激 生态毒性 麦饭石 硝酸钾 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]