酸碱改性生物炭与膨润土复配提高猪粪堆肥Cu和Zn钝化率  

Improvement of Cu and Zn immobilization in pig manure compost by compounding acid and alkali modified biochar with bentonite clay

作　　者：梁梦月 袁宁 于锐[2] 周嘉[1] 罗那那 LIANG Mengyue;YUAN Ning;YU Rui;ZHOU Jia;LUO Nana(Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学,哈尔滨150025 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130102

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2024年第9期2126-2133,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA28080400);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20210101109JC,YDZJ202301ZYTS232);吉林省与中国科学院科技合作高新技术产业化专项(2023SYHZ0052)。

摘　　要：为了钝化畜禽粪便中的重金属,促进农业废弃物资源化、无害化利用,本实验以猪粪和玉米芯为原料,共设置添加酸性生物炭4%(F1)、酸性生物炭4%+钙基膨润土4%(F2)、碱性生物炭4%(F3)、碱性生物炭+钙基膨润土4%(F4)、未改性生物炭4%(F5)、未改性生物炭+钙基膨润土4%(F6)、钙基膨润土4%(F7)和无添加(CK)8个处理,开展为期40 d的好氧堆肥实验,研究酸碱改性生物炭和钙基膨润土对猪粪堆肥腐熟效果及重金属Cu和Zn形态转化的影响。结果表明:堆肥结束时堆体pH值为7.7~8.1,呈碱性,EC值均小于4 mS·cm^(-1),所有堆肥处理基础理化性质均达到无害化要求。F2、F4重金属钝化效果较好,F2处理Cu和Zn钝化率分别为57.98%和40.94%,F4处理Cu和Zn钝化率分别为50.43%和47.35%。研究表明,堆肥过程中酸碱改性生物炭和钙基膨润土配施对Cu和Zn有较好的钝化效果,可提升堆肥产品质量。In order to passivate heavy metals in livestock manure and promote the resourceful and harmless utilization of agricultural waste,in this experiment,swine manure and corn cobs were used as raw materials,and a total of eight treatments were set up with the addition of acidic modified biochar 4%(F1),acidic modified biochar 4%+calcium-based bentonite 4%(F2),alkali modified biochar 4%(F3),alkali modified biochar+calcium-based bentonite 4%(F4),unmodified biochar 4%(F5),unmodified biochar+calcium-based bentonite 4%(F6),calcium-based bentonite 4%(F7)and no addition(CK)eight treatments.An aerobic composting experiment was carried out for 40 days to study the effects of acid or alkaline modified biochar and calcium bentonite on the decomposition effect of swine manure compost and the morphological transformation of heavy metals Cu and Zn.The results showed that:the pH value of the compost was 7.7-8.1 at the end of composting,which was alkaline,the EC value was less than 4 mS·cm^(-1),and all the composting treatments bases were physico chemically and chemically sound.The passivation of heavy metals by F2 and F4 was better,the passivation rates of F2 on Cu and Zn were 57.98%and 40.94%respectively,and the passivation rates of F4 on Cu and Zn were 50.43%and 47.35%respectively.These results suggest that acid or alkali modified biochar and calcium bentonite have good passivation ability for Cu and Zn in the composting process,which can improve the quality of compost products.

关 键 词：猪粪 堆肥 酸碱改性生物炭 钙基膨润土 重金属形态 钝化 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X713[农业科学—农业基础科学]