残余应力检测技术及其应用  

Residual Stress Detection Technology and Its Applications

作　　者：侯晓东 黄照文 高建波 吴桂毅 张瑞尧 张书彦 HOU Xiaodong;HUANG Zhaowen;GAO Jianbo;WU Guiyi;ZHANG Ruiyao;ZHANG Shuyan(Division of Mechanics and Acoustics,National Institute of Metrology,Beijing 100013,China;Research Institute of Interdisciplinary,Dongguan 523808,China;Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials,School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dongguan University of Technology,Dongguan 523808,China)

机构地区：[1]中国计量科学研究院力学与声学计量科学技术研究所,北京100029 [2]东莞材料基因高等理工研究院,东莞523808 [3]东莞理工学院材料科学与工程学院,交叉科学研究中心,东莞523808

出　　处：《机械工程材料》2024年第8期41-54,共14页Materials For Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4606200);广东省基础与应用基础研究重大专项项目(2020B0301030001)。

摘　　要：随着我国工业水平的不断提升,残余应力问题日益受到重视。准确测试和控制残余应力可以实现改善材料性能、提升尺寸精度、延长寿命等目的,进而提升关键工程构件的安全性和可靠性。因此,残余应力检测技术在航空航天、核电、船舶等领域发挥着重要作用,为工程构件力学性能研究和安全评估提供关键数据支持。总结了目前常用的残余应力检测技术的原理、适用范围、优缺点等,讨论了选择残余应力检测技术时需考虑的主要因素,指出了残余应力检测技术在科研和应用领域的发展趋势。With the continuous improvement of China's industrial level,the issue of residual stress is releiving more and more attention.Accurate measurement and control of residual stress can improve material properties,enhance dimension precision,extend lifespan,further enhance the safety and reliability of key engineering components.Therefore,the residual stress detection technology plays a significant role in fields such as aerospace,nuclear power and shipbuilding,and provide critical data support for the mechanical performance research and safety assessment of engineering components.The principles,applicable scopes,advantages and disadvantages of current residual stress detection technologies are summarized.The main factors need to be considered when choosing suitable detection technologies are discussed.The development trends of residual stress detection technology in scientific research and application fields are pointed out.

关 键 词：残余应力检测 中子衍射 轮廓法 X射线衍射 同步辐射 深孔法 

分 类 号：TG115[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]