论抽象危险犯的构造原理——从抽象危险的实质判断切入  

On the Construction Principles of Abstract Dangerous Offense——Starting from the Substantive Judgment of Abstract Danger

作　　者：蔡燊 Cai Shen

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第5期73-86,共14页NanJing University Law Journal

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“我国刑法中抽象危险犯的出罪机制研究”(项目编号:BLX202379)的研究成果。

摘　　要：明晰抽象危险犯的构造原理可以为其立法与司法适用指明方向。将抽象危险定位为行为之外的结果,从其实质判断切入,才可能明晰其构造原理。当前判断抽象危险的方法在实际操作中都会导向反面的不能犯判断。抽象危险犯的本质特征是构成要件实质解释与抽象危险判断过程合一、抽象危险不允许反证、法益危殆化过程不可能被具体判断三个命题的逻辑一致。抽象危险应当以法益危殆化过程为分类标准类型性地进行判断,分类依据则是相应犯罪法益危殆化过程不可能具体判断的原因。真正的抽象危险犯中法益侵害无法被测量却客观存在;实质预备犯Ⅰ型是被立法者设定为无法证明其他犯罪时的堵截性犯罪;累积犯源于保护阈值性法益的行为规范无法指向集体中的非合作行为。Clarifying the structural principles of abstract dangerous offense can provide direction for their legislation and judicial application. Only by positioning abstract danger as a result beyond behavior and starting from its substantive judgment can its construction principle be clarified. The current methods of judging abstract dangers tend to lead to negative judgments in practical operations. The essential characteristics of abstract dangerous offense are the unity of the substantive interpretation of the constituent elements and the judging process of abstract danger, the absence of counter evidence in abstract dangerous situations, and the impossibility of concrete judgment in the process of endangering legal interests. Abstract danger should be classified based on the process of endangering legal interests, and the classification criteria should be based on the reasons why it is impossible to make specific judgments in the corresponding process of endangering criminal legal interests. The infringement of legal interests in real abstract dangerous offense cannot be measured but objectively exists. Substantive preparatory offense type I is a blocking crime set by legislators as a crime that cannot prove other crimes. The accumulative offense stems from the fact that the behavioral norms that protect threshold legal interests cannot point to non-cooperative behavior within the collective.

关 键 词：抽象危险犯 具体危险犯 实质预备犯 累积犯 准抽象危险犯 结果无价值 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]