水稻叶形态的建成及分子机制研究进展  

Progress in the Establishment of Rice Leaf Morphology and Molecular Mechanism

作　　者：贾彬 陈可 叶婵娟 郭洁 周新桥[2] 陈达刚[2] 刘娟 姜姝 刘冠明 刘传光[2] JIA Bin;CHEN Ke;YE Chanjuan;GUO Jie;ZHOU Xinqiao;CHEN Dagang;LIU Juan;JIANG Shu;LIU Guanming;LIU Chuanguang(College of Agriculture and Biology,Zhongkai University ofAgricultural Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in South China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China;College of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]仲恺农业工程学院农业与生物学院,广州510225 [2]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州510640 [3]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642

出　　处：《中国稻米》2024年第5期19-29,共11页China Rice

基　　金：广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室项目(2023B1212060042);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金面上项目(2023A1515010380)。

摘　　要：水稻叶片形态是决定理想株型的关键因素。根据“源库”理论,水稻叶片形态通过影响光合效率等“源”流影响水稻产量。其中,叶片大小、卷曲度以及叶倾角是植物整体株型和叶型中决定产量的关键农艺性状。近年来,已有许多控制叶片形态的基因被克隆与鉴定。水稻叶片发育过程可分为3个阶段:水稻叶原基的形成、极性的建立及维持、叶片的扩张。近年来,随着分子生物学技术的快速发展,众多调控水稻叶片形态的关键基因的重要功能已被阐明。譬如,PLA1、PLA2等基因在细胞分裂过程中的协同作用,NAL1、NAL9、NRL1、NRL2等基因在叶脉发育中的协同调控,SLL1、SRL2等基因对厚壁组织细胞结构的精细调控,OsPIN1、OsWOX3A等基因对植物激素的极性运输和分配等,共同构成了水稻叶片形态复杂调控网络的基石,为深入理解作物叶片形态发育的分子机制提供了重要线索。研究影响水稻叶片形态的分子机制,对于利用“源库”理论实现水稻的高产稳产具有重要生物学意义。Rice leaf morphology is a key factor in determining the ideal plant shape.According to the“source-sink”theory,rice leaf morphology has an important impact on rice yield by influencing“source”flows such as photosynthetic efficiency.Among them,leaf size,leaf curl,and leaf inclination are the key agronomic traits that determine yield in overall plant and leaf shape.In recent years,many genes controlling leaf morphology have been cloned and characterized.The development of rice leaves can be divided into three distinct stages:formation of rice leaf primordia,establishment and maintenance of polarity,and leaf expansion.In recent years,with the rapid development of molecular biology technology,the important functions of many key genes regulating rice leaf morphology have been elucidated.For example,the synergistic effect of PLA1 and PLA2 genes in cell division,the synergistic regulation of NAL1,NAL9,NRL1,NRL2 and other genes in leaf vein development,the fine regulation of the cellular structure of thick-walled tissues by SLL1 and SRL2 genes,and the polarity transport and distribution of phytohormones by OsPIN1 and OsWOX3A genes collectively constitute a complex regulatory network of leaf morphology in rice.Together,these genes constitute the cornerstone of the complex regulatory network of leaf morphology in rice,providing important clues for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of leaf morphology development in crops.The study of the molecular mechanisms affecting rice leaf morphology is of great biological significance for the realization of high and stable yield of rice using the“source-sink”theory.

关 键 词：水稻 叶片大小 叶片卷曲 细胞分裂 植物激素 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]