华南杂交稻主要不育系品质性状特点及基因分析  

Analysis of Characteristics and Genes of Quality Traits of Hybrid Rice Main Sterile Lines in South China

作　　者：熊亮 曹华盛 王福军[1] 顾海永[1] 李曙光[1] 何高[1] 梁世胡[1] 罗文永[1] XIONG Liang;CAO Huasheng;WANG Fujun;GU Haiyong;LI Shuguang;HE Gao;LIANG Shihu;LUO Wenyong(Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding/Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in South China(Co-construction by Ministry and Province),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所/广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室/农业农村部华南优质稻遗传育种重点实验室(部省共建)/广东省水稻工程实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国稻米》2024年第5期84-89,共6页China Rice

基　　金：优质稻种质创制及良种培育(2022-NPY-00-005);杂交水稻分子育种材料创制与新品种选育(2022B0202060002);广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022-NJS-15-001);广东省水稻育种新技术重点实验室项目(2023B1212060042);云浮市科技计划项目(2023020201);广东省农业科学院水稻研究所“优谷计划(所长基金)”项目(2023YG07)。

摘　　要：将广东、广西选育推广的三系不育系分成3种类型:早期高产类型、中期优质类型和后期优质高产类型。早期高产类型不育系包括博A、Y华农A、天丰A和五丰A等;中期优质类型不育系包括粤丰A、野香A、泰丰A和广8A等;后期优质高产类型不育系包括贵A、香禾A、耕香A等。归纳分析3种类型不育系的品质性状,并对各不育系的品质基因进行检测,以期提高这些不育系的育种应用。结果表明,高产不育系的直链淀粉含量在22.4%~26.9%之间,多数不育系籽粒长宽比≤3.0,透明度≥2级,多携带不利品质的基因ALK、Chalk5、Wx-a、GS3等。优质不育系的直链淀粉含量在12.0%~18.0%之间,长宽比绝大多数在3.6~4.3之间,胶稠度≥62 mm,透明度≤2级,具有优质品质基因Wx-b、fgr、GW5、GL7、GW8等。优质高产不育系的直链淀粉含量在13.0%~16.0%之间,长宽比在3.3~3.6之间,胶稠度≥60 mm,垩白度在0~1.5%间,具有优质基因Wx-b和GW5,且产量较高。The three-line sterile lines bred and promoted in Guangdong and Guangxi are divided into three types:high-yield type(early stage),high-quality type(mid stage),and high-quality and high-yield type(late stage).High yield type sterile lines include Bo A,Y huanong A,Tianfeng A,Wufeng A,etc.High quality type sterile lines include Yuefeng A,Yexiang A,Taifeng A and Guang 8A,etc.High quality and high yield type sterile lines include Gui A,Xianghe A,Gengxiang A,etc.The quality traits of three types of sterile lines were analysed and the quality genes of different sterile lines were detected by PARMS-SNP detection technology in order to improve quality rice breeding.The results showed that,most high yield sterile lines have the following characteristics:amylose content between 22.4%and 26.9%,the grain ratio of length to width≤3.0,the level of transparency≥2,and carry unfavorable quality genes such as ALK,Chalk5,Wx-a,GS3,etc.High quality sterile lines have the following characteristics:amylose content between 12.0%and 18.0%,the grain ratio of length to width between 3.6 and 4.3,gel consistency≥62 mm,the level of transparency≤2,and processing high quality genes such as Wx-b,fgr,GW5,GL7,GW8,etc.High quality and high yield sterile lines have the following characteristics:the amylose content between 13.0%and 16.0%,the grain ratio of length to width between 3.3 and 3.6,gel consistency≥60 mm,chalkiness between 0 and 1.5%,possessing high quality genes Wx-b and GW5 and high yield.

关 键 词：杂交稻 三系不育系 品质性状 品质基因 华南 

分 类 号：S511.0351[农业科学—作物学]