基于粮食安全保障的国家水网建设思路探讨  

Probing into ideas for national water network construction based on food security guarantee

作　　者：李原园[1] 李云玲 龙晓旭 何奇峰 Li Yuanyuan;Li Yunling;Long Xiaoxu;He Qifeng

机构地区：[1]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第17期42-47,共6页China Water Resources

摘　　要：加强农田水利基础设施建设,提升粮食生产灌溉供水保障能力,是夯实国家粮食安全水利根基的首要任务。强化灌溉供水保障是国家水网建设的重要内容。我国现状耕地灌溉率为55%,各地区灌溉发展不均衡,有近半数耕地不具备灌溉条件,特别是年降水量500 mm以下地区有3.2亿亩左右,灌溉保障程度不高,保障粮食稳产高产能力不足。立足我国“水-土-粮”空间格局,系统分析了东北、华北、长江中下游、东南、西南、西北等地区灌溉发展需求与潜力,从强化灌溉供水保障能力、完善灌排设施体系、提升水旱灾害防御能力3个方面阐述了国家水网建设对农业灌溉的保障支撑作用,并提出拓宽灌区建设投融资渠道、持续推进农业水价综合改革、出台灌溉耕地占补平衡支持政策等保障灌溉发展的政策建议。Strengthening the construction of rural water infrastructures and enhancing the capabilities of irrigation and water supply for grain production are fundamental tasks to secure national food security.Safeguarding irrigation and water supply is a critical component of national water network construction.The current irrigation rate of arable land in China stands at 55%,with uneven irrigation development across regions.Nearly half of the arable land lacks proper irrigation conditions,especially in areas with annual precipitation below 500 mm,which covers approximately 320 million mu,leading to insufficient capacity to ensure stable and high grain yields.By considering the spatial pattern of“water-soil-grain”in China,a systematic analysis of the irrigation development needs and potential in Northeast China,North China,the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,Southeast China,Southwest China,and Northwest China is presented.The national water network’s role in supporting irrigation is discussed from three aspects:strengthening irrigation water supply security capacity,improving irrigation and drainage systems,and enhancing flood and drought disaster prevention capabilities.Policy recommendations are proposed to safeguard irrigation development,including broadening investment channels,advancing agricultural water pricing reform,and implementing policies for irrigation farmland compensation.

关 键 词：粮食安全 国家水网 灌溉 水源保障 政策建议 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]