两坝间河道高含沙水流驱动的下游船闸阀门井水位异常特征分析  

Abnormal Water Level Increase in the Valve Shaft of a Ship Lock Induced by High Density Currents in Impounded River

作　　者：杨忠勇[1] 李林 孙诗为 张勇 唐艳平 王紫阳 刘新健[3] 徐杨[4] YANG Zhong-yong;LI Lin;SUN Shi-wei;ZHANG Yong;TANG Yan-ping;WANG Zi-yang;LIU Xin-jian;XU Yang(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Three Gorges Navigation Authority,Yichang 443000,China;Chongqing Building Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 400042,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Yangtze River and Hydroelectric Science,China Yangtze Power Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]长江三峡通航管理局,湖北宜昌443000 [3]重庆市建筑科学研究院有限公司,重庆400042 [4]中国长江电力股份有限公司智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第9期79-85,92,共8页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：葛洲坝一号船闸充水阀门度汛对策研究外委技术服务项目(HZ202257);智慧长江与水电科学湖北省重点实验室开放研究基金项目(ZH2102000109);重庆市住房和城乡建设委员会科技项目(城科字2023第6-14号);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2022CFB207)。

摘　　要：葛洲坝船闸充水阀门井与输水廊道进水口水体相连,1993年洪季期间曾发生过阀门井水位异常升高,影响船闸设备设施安全等问题。为分析葛洲坝一号船闸充水阀门井水位异常升高的根本原因,基于Mike三维水沙数值模型,模拟分析了不同流量和含沙量级别下的河道水流和含沙量垂向分布结构特征,进而计算阀门井水位异常升高值与河道水流和含沙量的关系,反演1993年洪季葛洲坝一号船闸两个阀门井出现的水位异常现象。研究结果表明,葛洲坝一号船闸阀门井水位异常超过阈值0.5 m的流量和含沙量条件分别约为(30 000 m^(3)/s, 2.85 kg/m^(3)),(40 000 m^(3)/s, 1.42 kg/m^(3)),(50 000 m^(3)/s, 1.23 kg/m^(3))。受三峡水库及上游梯级水库蓄水拦沙、退耕还林政策等因素的影响,未来葛洲坝船闸出现高含沙水流导致阀门井水位异常升高>0.5 m的可能性极小,但在三峡水库排沙泄洪期间仍应引起重视。研究成果可为葛洲坝一号船闸安全营运和科学管理提供参考依据。The valve shaft of Gezhouba dam ship lock is connected to the transmission gallery of the river area.During the flood season of 1993,the water level in the valve shaft increased abnormally,jeopardizing the safety of the lock’s equipment and facilities.To investigate the causes of the abnormal water level rise in the valve shaft of the Gezhouba ship lock,we examined the quantitative relationship between high-sediment-concentration flow and abnormal water levels.Using the Mike-3D numerical model,we simulated the vertical distribution of flow and sediment concentration under various discharge rates and sediment concentrations.We then calculated the relationship between the abnormal water levels in the valve shaft and sediment concentration.Based on these simulations,we explained the abnormal water level increases in the two valve shafts of the Gezhouba ship lock during 1993.Finally,we assessed the likelihood of future abnormal water level increases in the valve shafts.The modelling result reveals that the discharge and sediment concentration at approximately(30000 m^(3)/s,2.85 kg/m^(3)),(40000 m^(3)/s,1.42 kg/m^(3)),and(50000 m^(3)/s,1.23 kg/m^(3)),respectively,would lead to the abnormal water level increase exceeding 0.5 m.Following the construction of cascade reservoirs in the upstream and the implementation of China’s policy of returning farmland to forests,the probability of water level rise exceeding 0.5 m is now quite low.The findings offer valuable management insights for the safe operation of the Gezhouba ship lock.

关 键 词：葛洲坝船闸 阀门井 水沙数值模拟 高含沙水流 水位异常 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]