职业选址与就业质量:来自农民工用脚投票的微观证据  

Occupational Location and Employment Quality:Micro Evidence from Migrant Workers'Voting with Their Feet

作　　者：刘小瑜 张锦华[1,2] 沈亚芳[3] LIU Xiao-yu;ZHANG Jin-hua;SHEN Ya-fang(Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433;Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所,上海200433 [2]上海财经大学城乡发展研究院,上海200433 [3]上海师范大学教育学院,上海200234

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2024年第4期101-114,共14页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“教育准入、职业选址与农民工市民化”(72173080);上海市教育委员会科研创新重大项目“解决相对贫困问题的长效机制研究”(2018BJB008);上海财经大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“职业选址、就业质量与农民工市民化”(CXJJ-2022-436)。

摘　　要：农民工高质量充分就业是促进城乡融合发展、推进农民工市民化、实现共同富裕的关键环节。利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据,基于Rosen-Roback空间均衡模型,从城市规模视角论证了职业选址对农民工就业质量的影响及其内在机制。研究结果表明,农民工用脚投票下的职业选址具有显著的高质量就业效应,表现在工资收入、劳动负担、职业层级与就业保障四个方面;职业选址通过知识溢出效应、劳动力池效应与社会网络效应,深化人力资本积累、提高人职匹配效率与拓展社会资本的广度与深度,提高农民工的就业质量;职业选址的就业质量效应具有显著的群体异质性,且频繁的城市流动变换职业选址产生的中断效应不利于农民工高质量就业。因此,要加快中小城市发展、完善公共就业服务、构建统一劳动力大市场、推进新型城镇化建设、关注弱势农民工群体与优化劳动关系和劳动保护,保障就业与民生,助推农民工实现高质量就业。The high-quality and full employment of migrant workers is a key link in promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas,promoting the citizenship of migrant workers,and achieving common prosperity.Based on the Rosen-Roback spatial equilibrium model,this paper demonstrates the impact of occupational location on the employment quality of migrant workers and its internal mechanism from the perspective of urban scale by using the data of China Migrants Dynamic Survey.The results show that,under the vote with feet,the occupational location of migrant workers has a significant effect on high-quality employment,which is expressed in the four aspects:wage income,labor burden,occupational level and employment security.Through the knowledge spillover effect,the labor pool effect and the social network effect,occupational location can deepen the accumulation of human capital,improve the efficiency of job matching,and expand the breadth and depth of social capital,then improving the employment quality of migrant workers.This effect of employment quality is characterized by significant heterogeneity of groups,and the interrupt effect generated from frequent urban mobility changes in occupational location is not conducive to high-quality employment of migrant workers.Therefore,it is necessary to accelerate the development of small and medium-sized cities,improve public employment services,build a unified labour market,promote the construction of new urbanization,pay attention to disadvantaged groups of rural migrant workers,optimize labour relations and labour protection,ensure employment and livelihoods,and help migrant workers to achieve high-quality employment.

关 键 词：农民工 职业选址 城市规模 就业质量 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]