敦煌文献与西夏文献在杂字蒙书发展史上的价值  

The Value of Dunhuang Literature and Western Xia Literature in the Developmental History of Educational Books

作　　者：郑阿财[1,2] ZHENG A'cai(Department of Literature,University of South China,Jiayi 62249,Taiwan,China;Institute of Chinese Popular Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan)

机构地区：[1]南华大学文学系,中国台湾嘉义62249 [2]四川大学中国俗文化研究所,四川成都610065

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2024年第4期97-106,共10页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：文章透过敦煌文献及西夏文献中“杂字”类蒙书的通盘考察,藉以弥补宋前杂字蒙书文献不足的缺憾。以宏观的视角将之置于中国杂字蒙书发展史进行评估与考察,并从杂字名义的厘清与溯源泝流,及内容、形式、体类的分析,持与宋元明清杂字书相比较,阐述其具“歌括式蒙书传统的继承与发展”“综合识字与庶民用字双轨并行”“分部立目小类书式杂字的萌生”“收录词语的多寡因时地而增删”等特色,总结其在中国杂字发展史的研究意义与价值,藉以凸显敦煌学发展在力求走出敦煌,结合传世文献的同时,延伸至吐鲁番文献、黑水城文献当可发挥互补互证,相辅相成之功;加大敦煌学的纵深与广度,拓展敦煌研究的新天地。This paper conducts a comprehensive examination of the zazi杂字texts,a type of encyclopedic word book used for child and adult education,in Dunhuang and Western Xia documents,in order to supplement the deficiency of research on such texts from dynasties prior to the Song dynasty.The study begins by clarifying the names and meanings of the various words,tracing their sources and analyzing their contents,forms and categories;it then compares them with similar words from the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties in order to evaluate the place of these texts in the developmental history of Chinese zazi books from a macro perspective.In particular,this paper attempts to demonstrate the following features of zazi documents:“inheriting and developing traditional educational books characterized by memorable verses”;“simultaneous overview of comprehensive literacy and the vocabulary of the common people”;“producing sub-types of zazi manuscripts in the form of small reference books,”and;“understanding the principles by which the number of words included were increased or decreased in different times and places.”On this basis,the meaning and value of research on the history of Chinese zazi texts is used to emphasize that Dunhuang studies research would benefit greatly by extending the scope of its studies to include the Turfan and Khara Khoto documents,all of which complement each other greatly.Dunhuang studies research must be strengthened in both depth and breadth in order for the field to expand and grow.

关 键 词：敦煌写本 西夏文献 杂字 蒙书 日用类书 

分 类 号：G256.1[文化科学—图书馆学]