西汉敦煌郡聚落与移民、水渠关系研究——以敦煌出土文献记载大穰里为中心  

A Study on the Relationship between the Immigrants,SettIements,and Canals in Dunbuang Prefecture during the Western Han Dynasty--Focusing on the Darang Li Recorded in the Dunhuang Documents

作　　者：郑炳林[1] 魏迎春[1] ZHENG Binglin;WEI Yingchun(Institute of Dunhuang Studies,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学敦煌学研究所,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2024年第4期115-121,共7页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“敦煌河西碑铭与河西史研究”(21VLXT002)。

摘　　要：西汉敦煌郡聚落的形成与移民到来、水渠修筑有着密切关系。通过对大穰里相关文献的综合考察得知,西汉敦煌郡效谷县设置大穰里,该里与悬泉置长期密切合作,大穰里从民房、牲畜、车辆乃至人力等层面对悬泉置工作形成支持,并得以增加收入。大穰里的得名有祈求丰收之意,另外还有可能该里是由南阳郡穰县移民建立,因而得名。此外,敦煌文献记载敦煌东部有大壤渠、大让渠、大让庄,其名称来源可能都是源自西汉大穰里,并且唐宋时期的大壤渠、大让渠可能也是继承自西汉时期。足见西汉敦煌郡所建立的聚落与水渠在唐宋敦煌地区还仍旧发挥着作用,大穰里等村落的得名是西汉移民文化的标志,而这些地名或渠名能够延续至唐宋时期继续使用,亦可彰显出西汉移民实边政策及由此形成的移民文化所产生的深远影响。The formation of settlements in Dunhuang Prefecture during the Western Han dynasty was closely related to the arrival of a wave of immigrants and the construction of municipal water channels.A comprehensive investigation of documents related to Darang li大穰里,a community characterized by small neighborhoods and tight alleys,concludes that it was established in Xiaogu County,Dunhuang Prefecture during the Western Han dynasty,and that close and cooperative ties ensued between the community and Xuanquan Post.Darang li supported the local military outpost and increased its income by providing housing,livestock,vehicles,and manpower.The name Darangli meant“praying for a good harvest”,though it is also possible that the village got its name because it was established by immigrants from Rang County in Nanyang Prefecture.In addition to this village,the names of several places to the east of Dunhuang,such as Dangrang qu大壤渠(Darang Canal)and Darang zhuang大让庄(Darang Town),that are mentioned in Dunhuang documents from later periods might also be derived from Darang li in the Western Han dynasty;the names of two canals,both pronounced Darang qu(大壤渠and大让渠,respectively),from the Tang and Song dynasties also likely inherited their names from this original Han dynasty location.It is thus evident that the settlements and canals established in Dunhuang Prefecture during the Western Han continued to play a role in the culture of the region even into the Tang and Song dynasties.The fact that important locations like villages and water channels were named in a manner following that of Darang li testifies to the presence of immigrant culture in the Western Han dynasty;the fact that this presence had such a long-lasting impact highlights the far-reaching influence that Western Han immigration policies had on China's national culture.

关 键 词：大穰里 西汉 敦煌郡 悬泉汉简 移民 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]