隐藏的建材:基于砖拱反思的民国空心砖生产与构造特色研究  

Hidden Materials:Research on Production and Structural Characteristics of Hollow Bricks in the Republic of China Based on Reflections on Brick Arches

作　　者：周益竹 朱晓明[2] 夏柏树[3] ZHOU Yizhu;ZHU Xiaoming;XIA Baishu(Shenyang Jianzhu University;Tongji University;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University;Harbin Institute of Technology;School of Architecture and Planning,Shenyang Jianzhu University)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院

出　　处：《世界建筑》2024年第9期22-29,共8页World Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目批准号:51978471。

摘　　要：20世纪初,粘土空心砖在我国是机制砖瓦中一种“新型材料”,以防火、轻质、隔音等性能优势广泛应用于新兴的高层建筑结构中,但对于其材料生产历史及构造问题并不清晰。本文采用民国期刊、报刊、产品图册和档案记录研究空心砖国产化、度量标准、种类、价格及构造衍生,揭示了民国空心砖生产企业工业化探索历程,通过引进设备、标准化物料、简化构造以顺应建筑技术转型趋势。空心砖推广跨越近现代,在缺乏“三材”(钢材、水泥、木材)时期,我国研制拱壳砖是对早期空心砖构造体系的回归。文章结合实例分析其构造的适用性和延续性。连贯性的材料和技术运用为评价遗产价值、建筑保护修复提供了有利的基础依据。At the beginning of the 20th century,hollow brick is a"new material"in China,which is widely used in emerging high-rise building structures with the performance advantages of fire prevention,light weight,sound insulation,heat preservation and cement saving,but its material production history and structural problems were not clear.This paper studies the localisation,measurement standard,type,price and structure derivation of hollow bricks by using the periodicals,newspapers,product catalogues and archives of the Republic of China.The research reveals the exploration process of industrialisation of hollow brick production enterprises in the Republic of China,through the introduction of equipment,standardised materials,simplified structure to adapt to the trend of building technology transformation.The popularisation of hollow brick spans modern times.During the period when the"three materials"of steel,cement and timber were in short supply,the development of arch bricks in China was a return to the early hollow brick structure system.The applicability and continuity of its construction are analysed with examples.The continuous application of materials and technologies provides a favourable basis for the evaluation of heritage value and the conservation and restoration of buildings.

关 键 词：粘土空心砖 民国建材 大中砖瓦厂 空心砖构造 拱壳砖 

分 类 号：TU522.14[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]