老年人综合运动功能评估方法的初步建立  

A preliminary method for comprehensive motor function assessment in older adults

作　　者：庞婧[1] 施红[2] 沈姞[2] 孟丽[3] 涂富艺 张洁[2] 张恩毅[1] 张铁梅[1] Pang Jing;Shi Hong;Shen Ji;Meng Li;Tu Fuyi;Zhang Jie;Zhang Enyi;Zhang Tiemei(Beijing Institute of Geriatrics,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Science,Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission,Beijing 100730,China;Department of Geriatrics,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China;Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]北京医院,国家老年医学中心,国家卫生健康委北京老年医学研究所,国家卫生健康委北京老年医学重点实验室中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [2]北京医院老年医学科国家老年医学中心,中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [3]北京医院,国家老年医学中心,中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [4]重庆邮电大学,重庆400065

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2024年第9期1101-1106,共6页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划"政府间国际科技创新合作"重点专项(2021YFE0111800);国家重点研发计划"主动健康与老龄化科技应对"重点专项(2018YFC2000300)。

摘　　要：目的构建老年人运动功能评估方法,促进老年人功能维护,提升自主生活能力。方法横断面研究。采用志愿者招募的方式,在北京医院体检中心和东城区社区共招募1680名60岁及以上老年人,年龄(69.3±6.8)岁,采集5次起坐、6 m日常步速、3 m起立行走、握力、背抓测试、椅式坐位体前屈、三姿站立等运动数据,应用统计分析结合专家指导,确定运动功能评估方法。结果筛选确定握力、5次起坐时间、日常步速、3 m起立行走时间作为运动功能评估指标(因子载荷0.428、0.767、0.725、0.841)。各指标以相同权重进行加权求和,计算运动功能综合得分。随年龄增加,运动功能得分显著下降,分别为60~64岁13.9分,65~69岁13.4分,70~74岁12.7分,75~79岁11.3分,80岁及以上9.1分(F=89.469,P<0.001)。中度体育锻炼人群运动功能得分13.6分,明显高于无中度体育锻炼人群得分12.4分(t=-8.003,P<0.001)。结论建立起一种反映老年人综合运动功能的评估方法,可应用于肌少症、跌倒、失能等常见老年运动问题的早期识别。ObjectiveTo explore a preliminary method for comprehensive motor function assessment in older adults in order to promote functional maintenance and independent living.MethodsCross-sectional study.A total of 1,680 elderly people aged 60 years and above,aged(69.3±6.8)years,were recruited by volunteer recruitment at the Beijing Hospital Physical Examination Centre and Dongcheng District community,and exercise data were collected on 5 sit-ups,6 m daily stride,3 m rise and walk,grip strength,back grip test,chair sit forward bending,and three-posture standing,and the method of exercise function assessment was determined by applying statistical analysis combined with expert guidance.ResultsHandgrip strength,Five-time-repeated sit-to-stand,usual gait speed,and 3-meter-timed up and go test were selected for motor function assessment(factor loadings:0.428,0.767,0.725,0.841,respectively).The motor score was calculated by weighted sum of each indicator with the same weight.Through calculating,the motor score significantly decreased with ageing(60-64 years:13.9,65-69 years:13.4,70-74 years:12.7,75-79 years:11.3,80+years:9.1;F=89.469,P<0.001).Older adults with moderate activities had higher scores than those without moderate activities(13.6 and 12.4,respectively;t=-8.003,P<0.001).ConclusionsA method for motor function assessment in older adults was established,which can be used in the early recognition of motor function impairment,such as sarcopenia,fall,and disability.

关 键 词：运动功能 评估 早期预警 老年人 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]