南宁市不同空气污染水平的两区儿童健康状况及其影响因素研究  

Health condition and influencing factors of children in two districts with different levels of air pollution in Nanning

作　　者：于洋[1] 梁林涵[1] YU Yang;LIANG Lin-han(Institute of Environmental Health and Endemic Disease Control,Guangxi Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Nanning Guangxi 530028,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心环境卫生与地方病防制所,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2024年第6期491-494,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生和计划生育委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z20211626)。

摘　　要：目的 通过对南宁市空气污染水平不同的两区儿童生活环境和健康状况调查,探讨与空气污染水平相关疾病患病率的影响因素。方法 收集2022年南宁市空气中污染物浓度数据,并于2022年在南宁市两个区(分别为轻污染区监测点和重污染区监测点)分别选择A校和B校两所小学,采用整群抽样在两所小学分别选择3~5年级共1 416名小学生进行问卷调查。结果 两所学校小学生在现居住房屋周围是否存在环境污染、是否使用抽油烟机、是否养宠物、是否有空气净化器等情况的比例均不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两所学校小学生患有气管炎和支气管炎的比例不同,B校高于A校,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。房屋周围有环境污染是小学生患反复呼吸道感染和过敏性鼻炎的危险因素,OR值(95%CI)分别为2.335(1.116~4.886)和1.479(1.076~2.033);房屋使用化学喷剂是小学生患反复呼吸道感染、气管炎和支气管炎、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹的危险因素,OR值(95%CI)分别为2.210(1.053~4.635)、1.636(1.034~2.587)、1.383(1.008~1.897)、3.683(1.705~7.958);房屋使用空气净化器是小学生患过敏性鼻炎的保护因素,房屋使用抽油烟机是小学生患荨麻疹的保护因素,OR值(95%CI)分别为0.702(0.507~0.973)和0.114(0.013~0.979)。结论 南宁市空气污染水平不同的两区儿童生活环境和健康状况存在差异,生活环境对小学生相关疾病的患病率存在一定影响。Objective To understand the health condition and the influencing factors of children in two districts with different levels of air pollution in Nanning.Methods The data of air pollutants in Nanning were collected in 2022,and two primary schools,school A and school B,were chosen from the monitoring sites in two districts of Nanning,a total of 1416 pupils in grades 3-5 from two primary schools were chosen by cluster sampling for questionnaire survey.Results The proportion of pupils in the two schools were different in whether there was environmental pollution,whether they used range hoods,whether they kept pets,and whether they had air purifiers,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of pupils suffering from bronchitisis was different between the two schools,that in school B was significantly higher than that school A(P<0.05).Environmental pollution around houses was a risk factor for recurrent respiratory infections and allergic rhinitis in primary school students,the OR(95%CI)were respectively 2.335(1.116-4.886)and 1.479(1.076-2.033).The use of chemical sprays in houses was a risk factor for recurrent respiratory infections,bronchitis and bronchitis,allergic rhinitis and eczema in primary school students,the OR(95%CI)were respectively 2.210(1.053-4.635),1.636(1.034-2.587),1.383(1.008-1.897),3.683(1.705-7.958).The use of air purifiers in houses was a protective factor for allergic rhinitis in primary school students,the use of range hood in house was a protective factor of urticaria in primary school students,the OR(95%CI)were respectively 0.702(0.507-0.973)and 0.114(0.013-0.979).Conclusion There are significant differences in the living environment and health condition of children in two districts with different air pollution levels in Nanning,the living environment has a certain effect on the prevalence of related diseases in primary school students.

关 键 词：空气污染 儿童 健康状况 影响因素 

分 类 号：R122.2[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R181.3[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]