体育锻炼对城市居民心理和谐的影响:身体自尊的中介效应与主观锻炼体验的调节效应  

Influence of Physical Exercise on Mental Harmony of Urban Residents:Body Self-Esteem as a Mediator and Subjective Exercise Experience as a Moderator

作　　者：王洪彪 宋光楠 王丽岩 WANG Hongbiao;SONG Guangnan;WANG Liyan(Department of Physical Education,Shanghai University of Medical&Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China;Department of Postgraduate,Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,China;College of Rehabilitation,Shanghai University of Medical&Health Sciences,Shanghai 201318,China)

机构地区：[1]上海健康医学院体育教学部,上海201318 [2]沈阳体育学院研究生部,辽宁沈阳100102 [3]上海健康医学院康复学院,上海201318

出　　处：《体育科研》2024年第5期89-98,共10页Sport Science Research

基　　金：辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目(L17BTY010)。

摘　　要：目的:探索体育锻炼对城市居民心理和谐的影响以及身体自尊与主观锻炼体验在二者之间的中介效应和调节效应。方法:选取长春市某区458名大于18周岁参与体育锻炼的成年居民为被试(男性258人,女性200人)。采用成年人心理和谐量表(MHS-EA)、体育锻炼等级量表(PARS-3)、身体自尊量表(PSPP)和主观锻炼体验量表(SEES)进行调查,使用SPSS22.0及宏程序PROCESS3.5进行中介效应和调节效应检验。结果:城市居民体育锻炼、身体自尊、主观锻炼体验与心理和谐等两两之间均呈显著性相关。体育锻炼与身体自尊可以直接影响城市居民心理和谐(β_(1)=0.44,β_(2)=0.63,P<0.01;β=0.24,P<0.01),也可以通过身体自尊间接影响城市居民心理和谐(β_(1)=0.05,β_(2)=0.07,P<0.01),主观锻炼体验能够调节体育锻炼与心理和谐间的关系(β=-0.02,P<0.01),且能调节身体自尊在两者之间的中介作用(β=0.01,P<0.01)。结论:体育锻炼能够通过提升身体自尊来促进城市居民心理和谐水平,降低心理烦恼和疲劳。主观锻炼体验能够调节体育锻炼与心理和谐的中介作用,在高主观锻炼体验水平下,中等运动量锻炼对心理和谐的直接效用与通过身体自尊对心理和谐的间接效用达到最大化。Objective:To explore the influence of physical exercise on the mental harmony of urban residents and the mediating and moderating effects between physical self-esteem and subjective exercise experience.Methods:458 adult residents(258 males and 200 females)over 18 years old who participated in physical exercise in a district of Changchun were selected as subjects.The Mental Harmony Scales for Ethnic Adults(MHS-EA),the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3(PARS-3),the Physical Self-Perception Profile(PSPP)and the Subjective Exercise Experience Scale(SEES)were used for investigation,and the mediating and moderating effects were tested using SPSS22.0 and macro PROCESS 3.5.Results:There are significant correlations among physical exercise,physical self-esteem,subjective exercise experience and mental harmony.Physical exercise and physical self-esteem can directly affect the mental harmony of urban residents(β_(1)=0.44,β_(2)=0.63,P<0.01;β=0.24,P<0.01),can also indirectly affect the mental harmony of urban residents through physical self-esteem(β_(1)=0.05,β_(2)=0.07,P<0.01).Subjective exercise experience can moderate the relationship between physical exercise and mental harmony(β=-0.02,P<0.01),and can moderate the mediating effect of physical self-esteem between the two(β=0.01,P<0.01).Conclusion:Physical exercise can promote mental harmony of urban residents and relieve the psychological distress and fatigue by improving physical self-esteem.Subjective exercise experience can moderate the mediating effect of physical exercise and mental harmony.At the high subjective exercise experience level,the direct effect of moderate amount of exercise on mental harmony and the indirect effect of physical self-esteem on mental harmony can be maximized.

关 键 词：体育锻炼 城市居民 心理和谐 身体自尊 主观锻炼体验 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]