重庆地区不同人群过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测及流行病学特征分析  

Detection and epidemiological characteristics of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in different populations in Chongqing

作　　者：张利改 何远 裴妤 吴宇 高铭萱 包静 ZHANG Ligai;HE Yuan;PEI Yu;WU Yu;GAO Mingxuan;BAO Jing(Department of Clinical Laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学第一附属医院检验科,重庆400038

出　　处：《国际检验医学杂志》2024年第18期2177-2183,共7页International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

基　　金：重庆市科卫联合医学科研项目(2023QNM001);陆军军医大学优秀人才项目(ZH2019-152)。

摘　　要：目的分析重庆地区Ⅰ型过敏反应性疾病(以下简称过敏性疾病)患者血清过敏原特异性免疫球蛋白(Ig)E抗体检测结果及分布特征,为过敏性疾病的防治提供流行病学资料和诊断依据。方法将2023年1月至2024年2月于该院进行过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测的9189例患者纳入研究,按照年龄段、性别、季节分组分析过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测结果阳性情况,以及特异性过敏原的分布特点与规律。结果9189例过敏性疾病患者中,4143例过敏原特异性IgE抗体检测结果为阳性,阳性率为45.09%,多重致敏的患者占比为68.53%;吸入性过敏原以户尘螨(28.95%)、粉屋尘(23.62%)、热带无爪螨(10.95%)为主,食入性过敏原以牛奶(7.57%)、虾/蟹(2.84%)、鸡蛋白(1.98%)为主,吸入性过敏原阳性率高于食入性过敏原阳性率。男性的过敏原阳性率高于女性(P<0.05)。3岁以下婴幼儿的过敏原主要是食入性的,多为单一过敏原致敏;12~<18岁患者的过敏原阳性率最高,多重致敏率也是最高的,60岁以上患者过敏原阳性率最低。全年各个季节均是以户尘螨和粉尘螨为主要过敏原,秋季过敏原阳性率最高。结论重庆地区过敏性疾病患者过敏原以户尘螨和粉尘螨为主,男性过敏原阳性率高于女性,12~<18岁患者居多,秋季易于患病。这可为该地区过敏性疾病的防治提供参考依据。Objective To analyze the detection results and distribution characteristics of serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin(Ig)E antibodies in patients with typeⅠallergic diseases(hereinafter referred to as allergic diseases)in Chongqing,and to provide epidemiological data and diagnostic evidence for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.Methods A total of 9189 patients who underwent allergen-specific IgE antibody detection in this hospital from January 2023 to February 2024 were included in the study.The positive cases of allergen specific IgE antibodies detection were statistically analyzed according to age groups,genders,and seasons,and the distribution characteristics and patterns of specific allergens were analyzed.Results Among the 9189 patients with allergic diseases,4143 cases showed positive allergen-specific IgE antibodies detection results,with a positive rate of 45.09%.The proportion of patients with multiple sensitization was 68.53%.The main inhalant allergens included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(28.95%),Dermatophagoides farinae(23.62%),and Blomia tropicalis(10.95%);while the main ingested allergens were milk(7.57%),shrimp/crab(2.84%),and egg white(1.98%).The positive rate of inhalant allergens was higher than that of ingested allergens.The positive rate of allergens in males was higher than that in females(P<0.05).The allergens in infants and toddlers under 3 years old were mainly ingested and mostly sensitized by single allergen.The positive rate of allergens and multiple sensitization rate were the highest in patients aged 12-<18 years.The positive rate of allergens was the lowest in patients over 60 years old.The positive rate of allergens was the highest in autumn,and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae were the main allergens in all seasons.Conclusion Patients with allergic diseases in Chongqing exhibited the following characteristics:Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae are the main allergens,the positive rate of allergens in males is h

关 键 词：过敏原 Ⅰ型过敏反应性疾病 免疫球蛋白E 阳性率 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R446.6[医药卫生—临床医学]