偏好理论双维双极结构模型的量表编制与应用  

Discussion on the Theoretical Models of Self-interest Preference and Social Preference

作　　者：赵云龙 刘咏梅 ZHAO Yunlong;LIU Yongmei(School of Education,Chuxiong Normal University,Chuxiong,Yunnan Province 675000)

机构地区：[1]楚雄师范学院教育学院,云南楚雄675000

出　　处：《楚雄师范学院学报》2024年第5期114-127,共14页Journal of Chuxiong Normal University

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目“‘免试认定’下‘优师专项’师范生职业胜任力评价机制研究——基于项目反应理论”(23YJC880071);云南省哲学社会科学规划项目“教育‘双减’政策与家庭响应间的耦合机制探究”(YB2022040)。

摘　　要：运用因素分析验证自利偏好和社会偏好的双维双极理论结构模型,模型结构中的双维指的是构成偏好矩阵的一阶双因子:社会偏好和自利偏好。社会偏好包括利他偏好、互惠偏好和公平偏好等3个子维度,自利偏好包括自利和理性两个因子。另外,对12种不同学科门类的1143名大学生以及9种不同职业类别的747名被试进行调查发现:(1)教育学专业的学生和教师群体属于“强利他-公平”偏好和“弱自利-理性”偏好;(2)经济学专业的学生和银行服务业人员属于“强自利-理性”偏好和“弱利他-公平”偏好;(3)医学类专业的学生和医生群体属于“利他-互惠”偏好;(4)法学专业的学生和律师群体属于“互惠-公平”偏好;(5)警察和消防队员属于“利他-理性”偏好;(6)私营企业主属于“互惠-自利”偏好。其余学科和职业人群的偏好特征不明显。Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the double-dimensional bipolar theoretical structural model of self-interest preference and social preference.The double-dimension in the model structure refers to the first-order double factors that constitute the preference matrix:social preference and self-interest preference.The social preference includes three sub-dimensions of altruism preference,reciprocity preference and inequality aversion,and the self-serving preference includes self-interest and rationality.In addition,the survey of 1,143 college students of 12 different disciplines and another 747 subjects of this study from 9 different occupations found that:1)The group preference of pedagogical students and teachers belongs to the preference of“strong altruism-fairness”and“weak selfishness-rationality”;2)The preference types of economics majors and banking service professionals belong to the preference of“egoism-rationality”and“weak altruism-fairness”;3)Medical students and doctors belong to“altruism-reciprocity”preference;4)Law students and lawyers belong to“reciprocity and fairness”preference;5)Police and firefighters belong to the“altruistic rational”preference;and 6)Private business owners belong to the“mutual-self-interest”preference.The preferences of other disciplines and occupations were not obvious.

关 键 词：自利偏好 社会偏好 双维双极 

分 类 号：G449.7[哲学宗教—心理学]