大熊猫国家公园农户与野生动物共存意愿及其影响因素——以四川片区为例  

Farmers′willingness to coexist with wild animals and its influencing factors:evidence from Sichuan Area of Giant Panda National Park

作　　者：闵子鸥 马奔[1] 温亚利[2] MIN Ziou;MA Ben;WEN Yali(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学生态环境学院,北京100872 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第7期424-432,共9页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(72103196);国家社会科学基金重大项目(21ZDA090)。

摘　　要：国家公园人与野生动物冲突严重且难以避免,如何从冲突走向共存是政策和学术研究的热点和难点。以大熊猫国家公园为例,采用容忍度与接受度衡量农户与野生动物共存意愿,通过对国家公园内及周边社区开展问卷调查,分析了农户与野生动物共存意愿现状及影响因素。研究结果表明超过1/4的被调查农户认为野生动物对家庭产生负面影响且农户与野生动物共存的意愿不高,能接受生活区域附近野生动物存在的农户不到一半,而可以忍受野生动物肇事影响的农户仅占约36%。农户与野生动物共存意愿受到野生动物保护成本收益、能力、认知、信任和资源禀赋特征的影响。具体来说,农户对野生动物保护的隐性成本感知对共存意愿产生负面显著影响,隐性收益感知对共存意愿产生正向显著影响。而农户野生动物保护的显性成本收益对共存意愿的影响并不显著。此外,农户对国家公园的信任程度越高、认为自身解决野生动物肇事危害能力越强以及对野生动物保护相关法律知识越了解,则其共存意愿显著越高。Human-wildlife conflicts are severe and often unavoidable in national parks.How to move from conflict to coexistence is a hot and difficult topic in policy and academic research.This study,focusing on the Giant Panda National Park,employed tolerance and acceptance metrics to measure farmers′willingness to coexist with wildlife.This study analyzed the current situation and factors influencing farmers′willingness to coexist with wildlife through a questionnaire of communities in and around the national park.The results indicate that over a quarter of the surveyed farmers perceive wildlife as hurting their households and are unwilling to coexist with wildlife.Less than half of the farmers are willing to accept the presence of wildlife in their living areas,while only about 36%can tolerate the impact of wildlife incidents.Farmers′willingness to coexist with wildlife is influenced by the perceived costs and benefits of wildlife conservation,their capacity,perceptions,trust,and resource endowments.Specifically,the perception of hidden costs negatively affects the willingness to coexist,while the perception of hidden benefits positively affects it.In contrast,the explicit cost-benefit of wildlife protection for farmers did not significantly affect coexistence intention.Additionally,the higher farmers′trust in national parks,the stronger their ability to solve wildlife accident hazards,and the better their knowledge of wildlife protection laws,the higher their willingness to coexist.

关 键 词：国家公园 人与野生动物共存 容忍度 接受度 成本收益 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]