黄土旱区炭氮配施对大豆生理特性和生物量积累分配的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Carbon and Nitrogen on Physiological Characteristics and Biomass Accumulation and Allocation of Soybean in Arid Loess Plateau

作　　者：刘瑜 刘楚华 刘钦慧 毛端 王小林 LIU Yu;LIU Chuhua;LIU Qinhui;MAO Duan;WANG Xiaolin(College of Life Sciences,Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Engineering and Technology Research Center of Water Saving for Crops in Arid Area of Northern Shaanxi Province,Yulin 719000,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院生命科学学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省陕北旱区作物节水工程技术研究中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第5期33-43,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967013,32260078);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2021JZ-55);陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目(2022NYT01);陕西省榆林市科学技术局产学研合作项目(CXY-2022-70,CXY-2021-83)。

摘　　要：为了探究黄土旱区炭氮配施对大豆光合产物运移、干物质积累分配的影响,以大豆品种中黄13为试验材料,设置单施氮肥(210(CK)、420(N1)、630(N2)、840(N3)kg/hm^(2))以及氮肥与稻壳炭配施(氮肥420 kg/hm^(2),稻壳炭999 kg/hm(²C1N1),氮肥630 kg/hm^(2)和稻壳炭1998 kg/hm(²C2N2),氮肥840 kg/hm^(2)和稻壳炭2997 kg/hm^(2)(C3N3))共7个处理,研究大豆叶片生理功能和干物质积累分配的调控机制。连续2 a分析结果表明,炭氮配施处理(C1N1、C2N2、C3N3)与单施氮肥处理(N1、N2、N3)相比,2022年大豆花期和结荚期的叶面积指数分别增加49.57%~159.08%、32.08%~110.20%,2023年仅花期叶面积指数增加12.82%~92.60%;叶日积指数在2022年分别增加77.40%~198.04%、13.38%~67.99%,在2023年分别增加2.87%~80.41%、18.95%~64.72%;总干物质量在2022、2023年分别增加0.66%~20.87%、4.70%~23.62%。其中,炭氮配施的C2N2处理与C1N1和C3N3处理相比,叶面积指数在2022年结荚期增幅最大,分别增加46.59%、55.31%;叶日积指数在2022年花期增幅最大,分别增加10.72%、171.22%;叶绿素含量在2023年结荚期增幅最大,分别增加10.90%、14.28%;内在水分利用效率在2022年花期增幅最大,分别增加87.37%、41.56%;羧化速率在2022年结荚期增幅最大,分别增加29.14%、36.75%;总干物质量在2023年鼓粒期增幅最大,分别增加21.63%、32.02%。综上,氮肥630 kg/hm^(2)和稻壳炭1998 kg/hm^(2)的施肥配比能够作为大豆栽培的新培肥技术推荐使用。In order to explore the effects of combined application of carbon and nitrogen fertilizer on the transportation of photosynthate,accumulation and distribution of dry matter in soybean in the arid Loess Plateau,in this study,a soybean cultivar Zhonghuang 13 was used as the experimental material,seven treatments including nitrogen fertilizer application alone(210(CK),420(N1),630(N2),840 kg/ha(N3))and combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and rice husk carbon(420 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and 999 kg/ha of rice husk carbon(C1N1),630 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and 1998 kg/ha of rice husk carbon(C2N2),and 840 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer and 2997 kg/ha of rice husk carbon(C3N3))were set up to study the regulation mechanism of physiological function and dry matter accumulation and partitioning in soybean leaves.The analysis results for two consecutive years showed that the leaf area index of the combined application of carbon and nitrogen(C1N1,C2N2,C3N3)increased by 49.57%-159.08%and 32.08%-110.20%in 2022,compared with the single application of nitrogen(N1,N2,N3)at the flowering and podding stages of soybean,respectively,and the data only increased by 12.82%-92.60%at the flowering stage in 2023.Daily leaf volume index increased by 77.40%-198.04%,13.38%-67.99%in 2022,and increased by 2.87%-80.41%,18.95%-64.72%in 2023,respectively.The total dry matter increased by 0.66%-20.87%in 2022 and ncreased by 4.70%-23.62%in 2023,respectively.Compared with C1N1 and C3N3 treatments,the leaf area index of C2N2 treatment showed the largest increase at the podding stage in 2022,it increased by 46.59%and 55.31%.The daily leaf volume index showed the largest increase at the flowering stage in 2022,it increased by 10.72%and 171.22%.The chlorophyll content increased most at the podding stage in 2023,it increased by 10.90%and 14.28%respectively.Intrinsic water use efficiency showed the largest increase at the flowering stage in 2022,it increased by 87.37%and 41.56%,respectively.Carboxylation rate increased most at the podding stag

关 键 词：炭氮配施 大豆 干物质量积累与分配 光合产物运移 叶片生理功能 黄土旱区 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]