玉黄金化控对密植玉米茎秆及产量性状的影响  

Effects of Chemical Control of Yuhuangjin on Plant Stalk and Yield Traits of Densely Planted Maize Varieties

作　　者：苏玉杰 杨美丽 鹿红卫 程建梅 赵树政 王帮太 秦贵文 张晓春 SU Yujie;YANG Meili;LU Hongwei;CHENG Jianmei;ZHAO Shuzheng;WANG Bangtai;QIN Guiwen;ZHANG Xiaochun(Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hebi 458031,China)

机构地区：[1]鹤壁市农业科学院,河南鹤壁458031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第5期85-90,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102110475)。

摘　　要：为研究化控剂对密植玉米品种植株茎秆及产量性状的影响,试验以高产玉米新品种永优1583为研究材料,拔节期喷施1.5 mL/L化控剂玉黄金30 L/hm^(2),以喷施相同量的清水作为对照(CK),分别于大喇叭口期、灌浆期调查玉米植株生理、生态和产量性状指标。结果表明,玉黄金处理能使密植玉米植株穂位降低、地上第3节和穂位节茎秆节间缩短、植株干物质产量增加,其抗倒性能增强。使用玉黄金化控可以使玉米植株的地上3节和穗位节茎秆变粗、单株叶面积减少、植株叶片的叶绿素含量增加,以上均有利于植株光合产物的吸收和营养物质的输送。在产量性状方面,使用化控剂可以显著增加玉米品种的穗长、穗粗、穗粒数和百粒质量,与对照相比,2022年和2023年玉黄金处理的玉米产量分别增加了1121.55、1028.64 kg/hm^(2),增产幅度分别达到了9.36%和8.5%,差异达极显著水平。综上,拔节期喷施化控剂玉黄金可以优化玉米植株生长指标、增强茎秆抗倒性能、提高产量性状指标等,增加密植条件下品种适应性,最终实现玉米品种的高效增产。In order to study the effects of chemical control agents on plant stalk and yield traits of densely planted maize varieties,in this study,a new maize variety Yongyou 1583 with high yield was used as the research material,and a chemical control agent Yuhuangjin was sprayed at jointing stage to investigate the physiological,ecological and yield traits of maize plants at trumpet stage and filling stage respectively,the same amount of water sprayed was used as a control(CK).The results showed that Yuhuangjin treatment could lower the ear position,shorten the stalk internode between the 3rd and ear position node,increase the dry matter yield and lodging resistance.The use of Yuhuangjin control could make the stalks of 3 aboveground nodes and ear nodes thicker,the leaf area per plant decreased,and the chlorophyll content of plant leaves increased,which was conducive to the absorption of photosynthetic products and the transport of nutrients.In terms of yield traits,the use of chemical control agents could significantly increase the ear length,ear thickness,grain number per ear and 100 seed weight of the maize variety.Compared with the water control,the yield of the maize variety treated with Yuhuangjin in 2022 and 2023 increased by 1121.55 and 1028.64 kg/ha,respectively,the increase in yield reached 9.36%and 8.5%,respectively,with significant differences.Therefore,the chemical control agent Yuhuangjin could optimize the maize plant growth index,enhance the lodging resistance of the stalk,improve the yield trait index,increase the variety adaptability under dense planting conditions,and finally realize the efficient yield increase of maize varieties.

关 键 词：玉米 化控剂 玉黄金 茎秆 产量性状 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]