氮肥施用对谷子产量及小米米色的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Millet Yield and Millet Color

作　　者：马金丰[1] 董晓杰 李志江[1] 于金海[1] 李祥羽[1] 孙广全[1] 郑雅潞 MA Jinfeng;DONG Xiaojie;LI Zhijiang;YU Jinhai;LI Xiangyu;SUN Guangquan;ZHENG Yalu(Institute of Crop Resources,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院作物资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第5期91-97,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新项目(CX23YQ27);黑龙江省重点研发计划(GA21B009-02);黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业特色产业科技创新支撑项目(CX23TS08);国家谷子高粱产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-14.5-B22);黑龙江省杂粮作物遗传改良重点实验室项目。

摘　　要：为探究不同氮肥施用量对谷子产量及小米米色的影响,以优质谷子龙谷25为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,设置0(CK)、75(T1)、150(T2)、225(T3)、300(T4)、450(T5)kg/hm^(2)6个氮肥施用量处理,测定谷子关键生长时期生物量、养分积累量,成熟期产量相关性状,收获后磨米进行米色测定。结果表明,谷子拔节期植株生物量随施氮量的增多而增加;抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期植株生物量随施氮量的增多表现为先增加后降低的趋势,在氮肥施用量为300 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大。谷子各生育期植株养分积累量随施氮量的增多大体呈现先增加后降低的趋势;植株全氮积累量在施氮量为150~225 kg/hm^(2)时较大,全磷积累量在施氮量为150 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大,全钾积累量在施氮量为300 kg/hm^(2)时达到最大。施肥条件下的产量及产量相关性状均高于不施肥,且在施氮量为300 kg/hm^(2)时产量最高。各氮肥处理下的小米表面色度L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)值均无显著差异;施氮量为225 kg/hm^(2)时L^(*)值最大,小米色泽更亮;氮肥施用量为75 kg/hm^(2)时b^(*)值最大,小米更黄,过量施用氮肥不利于小米黄色素的形成。综上,氮肥施用量为150~300 kg/hm^(2)有利于兼顾谷子高产和优质,可结合市场需求调整施肥量,以平衡产量和品质的关系。To investigate the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on millet yield and millet color,in this study,high-quality millet Longgu 25 was used as the experimental material,and a randomized block design was used.6 nitrogen fertilizer application rates of 0(CK),75(T1),150(T2),225(T3),300(T4),and 450(T5)kg/ha were set.The biomass and nutrient accumulation during the critical growth period of foxtail millet,as well as the agronomic traits and yield during the mature stage were measured.After harvest,the millet was ground for millet color identification.The results showed that the biomass of foxtail millet plants during the jointing stage increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the biomass of plants during the heading,filling,and mature stages showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application,reaching the maximum value at a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/ha.The nutrient accumulation of millet plants at different growth stages generally showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The total nitrogen accumulation of plants reached its maximum value at a nitrogen application rate of 150-225 kg/ha.The total phosphorus accumulation reached its maximum value at a nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/ha,and the total potassium accumulation reached its maximum value at a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/ha.The yield and yield related traits under fertilization conditions were higher than those under no fertilization conditions,and the highest yield was achieved at a nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/ha.There was no significant difference in the surface chromaticity L^(*),a^(*),and b^(*)values of millet under various nitrogen fertilizer treatments.When the nitrogen application rate was 225 kg/ha,the L^(*)value was the highest and the color of millet was brighter.When the nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 75 kg/ha,the b^(*)value was the highest,and millet became more yellow

关 键 词：谷子 产量 氮肥 农艺性状 米色 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学]