金针瘤蚜的田间发生动态及不同药剂的防治效果  

Field Occurrence Dynamics of Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi and the Efficacy of Different Pesticides for Its Control

作　　者：肖晨晨 王文涛 刘亚亚 马力 张利军[1] 赵志国[1] 李捷[1] XIAO Chenchen;WANG Wentao;LIU Yaya;MA Li;ZHANG Lijun;ZHAO Zhiguo;LI Jie(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第5期136-142,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2021YFD1600301-5);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32200391);山西省基础研究计划项目(202103021223125)。

摘　　要：旨在明确金针瘤蚜在黄花菜上的发生规律,筛选出防治金针瘤蚜的高效低毒药剂,为科学高效用药防控金针瘤蚜提供理论依据。试验于2021年3月至2022年3月在晋中市太谷区,采用诱虫板和田间调查方式对金针瘤蚜的发生动态进行研究,利用喷雾法喷施药剂,评价7种化学药剂和5种生物药剂对金针瘤蚜的防治效果。发生动态调查结果显示,4月中下旬,金针瘤蚜在太谷区开始出现,5月底到6月中旬为虫口高峰期,7月中旬消失,其中,6月5日达到最大发生量(307.8头/株);黄板上有翅蚜的发生动态与植株上蚜虫动态类似,但发生量显著少于植株上的虫量。田间药效研究结果表明,除了化学药剂中22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和75%吡蚜·螺虫酯水分散粒剂以及生物药剂中0.5%黎芦碱可溶液剂,其余药剂的速效性都较好,药后1 d的防治效果分别能达到88%和84%以上。化学药剂中,70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、20%烯啶虫胺水分散粒剂、22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和21%噻虫嗪悬浮剂防治效果显著高于75%吡蚜·螺虫酯水分散粒剂和6.0%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂,持效性较好;生物源药剂中,6.0%鱼藤酮微乳剂、2%阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂和1.5%天然除虫菊素水乳剂,药后14 d的防治效果较高,均能达到100%,显著高于其他药剂。推荐在黄花菜上金针瘤蚜的发生初期,采用上述化学药剂和生物源药剂交替使用,以延缓金针瘤蚜抗药性的产生。To clarify the dynamic of the occurrence of Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi on day-lily buds and screen out the effective and low toxic pesticides to prevent and control Myzus hemerocallis,and provide the basis for the scientifically and efficiently preventing and controlling Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi.In this study,in Taigu district of Jinzhong city from March 2021 to March 2022,the occurrence dynamics of Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi was studied using trap boards and field surveys.The control efficiency of 7 chemical pesticides and 5 biological pesticides on Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi was evaluated by spray method.The results of the dynamic survey showed that,in mid-late April,Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi began to appear in Taigu,peaked from the end of May to the middle of June,and disappeared in mid-July.The maximum amount reached 307.8 head/plant on June 5.The dynamics of Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi on yellow boards was similar to that on plant,but the occurrence number of alatae was significantly less than that on the plant.Results of field efficacy study showed that except for 22.4%of spirotetramat SC and 75%of pymetrozine·spirotetramat WDG in chemical pesticides and 0.5%of veratrine SL in biological pesticides,the other pesticides had better quick-acting effects,and the control efficiency could reach more than 88%and 84%respectively at one day after application.The control efficiency of 70%of imidacloprid WG,25%of imidacloprid WP,and 20%of nitenpyram WG,22.4%of spirotetramat SC,and 21%of thiamethoxam SC was significantly better than that of others in chemical pesticides.The control efficiency of 6.0%of rotenone ME,2%of abamectin,and 1.5%of natural pyrethrins EW in biological pesticides.could reach 100%at 14 days after application.It is recommended that the above chemical pesticides and biological pesticides should be used alternately in the early stage of the occurrence of Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi on daylily to delay the development of drug resistance of Myzus hemerocallis Takahashi.

关 键 词：金针瘤蚜 发生动态 黄花菜 化学防治 生物源农药 

分 类 号：S433.39[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S482.3[农业科学—植物保护]