从霍布斯到马克思:近代市民社会思想的发展历程  

From Hobbes to Marx:The Development Course of Modern Civil Society Thought

作　　者：江蓓蕾 王朋伟 JIANG Bei-lei;WANG Peng-wei(Central Academy of Culture and Tourism Administration,Beijing 102600;National Academy of Education Administration,Beijing 102617,China)

机构地区：[1]中央文化和旅游管理干部学院,北京102600 [2]国家教育行政学院,北京102617

出　　处：《黑龙江社会科学》2024年第5期28-34,144,共8页Social Sciences in Heilongjiang

摘　　要：近代市民社会思想经历了一个不断丰富、反思和超越自身的发展过程。以洛克、霍布斯为代表的社会契约论思想家讨论了市民社会的自然状态和国家形式,加速了市民社会与政治国家的分离,在“发现国家”的同时划定市民社会的形成范围;以休谟、斯密为代表的苏格兰启蒙运动思想家植根经验,构建出一套逻辑严密的社会本体论,在“发现社会”的过程中确定市民社会的运行规范;黑格尔则在深刻揭示和反思市民社会的基础上,精心设计了国家决定市民社会的伦理体系。最终,马克思超越传统市民社会思想,从理论上得出市民社会必然灭亡的结论,并确定了无产阶级这一现实实践主体。Modern civil society thought has experienced a process of continuous enrichment,reflection and transcendence.The thinkers on social contract,represented by Locke and Hobbes,discussed the natural state and state form of civil society,accelerated the separation of civil society and political state,and delimited the formation range of civil society while“discovering the state”.The thinkers on Scottish Enlightenment,represented by Hume and Smith,built a set of logical social ontology based on experience,and determined the operation norms of civil society in the process of“discovering society”.On the basis of deeply revealing and reflecting civil society,Hegel carefully designed the ethical system in which the state decides civil society.Finally,Marx went beyond the traditional civil society thought,theoretically drew the conclusion that civil society was bound to perish,and determined the proletariat as the subject of practical practice.

关 键 词：市民社会 国家 马克思 霍布斯 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]