极端天气对风电场局地风环境的影响  

Impact of extreme weather on local wind environment of wind farm

作　　者：郜志腾 张军 李岳 李晔[1] GAO Zhiteng;ZHANG Jun;LI Yue;LI Ye(School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 201100,China;Chengdu Fluid Dynamics Innovation Center,Chengdu 610072,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学船舶海洋与建筑工程学院,上海201100 [2]成都流体动力创新中心,四川成都610072

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第7期106-112,共7页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家装备发展部科研项目(2023-XT3S-JSFW-50003);国家自然科学基金资助项目(12302301);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2023M742229).

摘　　要：以东南沿海某风电场24台兆瓦级风电机组为例,基于中尺度数值模式并结合风电场参数化模型,对台风天气下该风电场局地风速、风向、风功率密度、湍动能等特征量的时序演变特征和空间分布特性进行分析.结果表明:数值模拟结果与观测结果平均误差在1 m/s以内;未受台风影响时风电场在轮毂高度处速度亏损最大,垂向上尾流影响范围在3倍轮毂高度左右;受台风影响时,风电场尾流受台风强迫作用而呈现尾流偏转效应,尾流最大偏转角可达33°;风电场尾流会增加附近区域的湍动能水平,在水平方向上影响区域持续至下游4~8倍风场直径,在垂向上影响范围可达3.5倍轮毂高度处.风电场下游较远处湍动能分布受下垫面、风电场尾流和极端风况的耦合调制作用,进而呈现典型的大尺度旋涡绕流结构.Numerical simulations were conducted based on mesoscale numerical models and wind farm parameterized models,taking 24 megawatt wind turbines in a wind farm on the southeast coast as an example.The temporal evolution characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of local wind speed,wind direction,wind power density,turbulent kinetic energy and other characteristic quantities of the wind farm under typhoon weather were analysed.The results show that the average error between the numerical simulation results and the observation results is within 1 m/s.When the wind farm is not affected by the typhoon,the speed loss is largest at the hub height,and the vertical wake influence range is about 3 times the hub height.When affected by the typhoon,the wake of the wind farm is forced by the typhoon dynamics to exhibit a wake deflection effect,and the maximum deflection angle of the wake can reach 33°.Wind farm wakes can increase turbulent kinetic energy levels in the surrounding area.The influence area in the horizontal direction lasts to 4 to 8 times the diameter of the wind farm downstream,and the influence area in the vertical direction reaches 3.5 times the hub height.The turbulent kinetic energy distribution far downstream of the wind farm is modulated by the coupling effect of the underlying surface,wind farm wake and extreme wind conditions,and then presents a typical large-scale vortex flow structure.

关 键 词：极端天气 大气环境 风电场 风资源 中尺度模式 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机]