基于DEM法的贯流式水轮机内部鱼类损伤机理  

Investigation on mechanism of damage to fish caused by tubular turbine based on DEM

作　　者：杨春霞[1] 李倩 徐顶娥 郑源[1] YANG Chunxia;LI Qian;XU Ding’e;ZHENG Yuan(College of Energy and Electrical Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Power China Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学能源与电气学院,江苏南京211100 [2]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第7期157-164,共8页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作专项资助项目(2019YEF0105200);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(B210202060).

摘　　要：借助压力试验探究了不同压强下有无鳞鱼的损伤情况,得出压力损伤阈值后结合离散元素法(DEM)计算灯泡贯流式水轮机内鱼体受不同损伤的概率.研究结果表明:当正压低于0.4 MPa时试验鱼均无损伤;当压力降低到-20 kPa时试验鱼出现损伤,选取-20 kPa作为压力损伤的数值模拟阈值.相同水头下,导叶开度越大,鱼体受伤概率越大;相同导叶开度下,随着水头增加,鱼体在转轮区域受压力、压力梯度和剪切损伤的概率逐渐增加,受撞击的概率逐渐减小,并且前三者增加的幅度要比撞击损伤概率减小的幅度更大.叶片撞击与负压是导致鱼体损伤的主要因素,最高损伤概率分别为18.92%和18.01%;压力梯度及剪切力是次要因素,最高概率仅为5.43%和0.0352%.The damage to scaled and unscaled fish at different pressures was investigated by pressure tests.The pressure damage threshold was combined with the discrete element method to further calculate the probability of different damage to fish inside a bulb tubular turbine.The results show that the test fish aren't injured when the positive pressure is lower than 0.4 MPa.When the pressure is reduced to-20 kPa,the fish are injured,and-20 kPa is selected as the numerical simulation threshold of pressure injury.Under the same head,the larger the opening of the guide vane,the greater the probability of fish injury.Under the same opening,as the head increases,the probability of fish injury being subjected to pressure,pressure gradient and shear injury in the runner area gradually increases,and the probability of impact gradually decreases.The increase of the first three is greater than the decrease of the latter.Blade impact and negative pressure are the main factors causing damage to the fish,with the highest probability of damage being 18.92%and 18.01%.Pressure gradient and shear are the secondary factors,with the highest probability being only 5.43%and 0.0352%.

关 键 词：灯泡贯流式水轮机 压力损伤试验 压强阈值 离散元素法 鱼类损伤机理 

分 类 号：TK733[交通运输工程—轮机工程]