超临界CO_(2)布雷顿循环在高速飞行器中的应用可行性分析与展望  

Feasibility analysis and prospects of supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle application in high-speed flight vehicles

作　　者：曹学伟 王向盈 文哲希 Cao Xuewei;Wang Xiangying;Wen Zhexi(Chinese Aeronautical Establishment,Beijing 100012,China;School of Energy Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航空研究院,北京100012 [2]中南大学能源科学与工程学院,长沙410083

出　　处：《空天技术》2024年第4期13-23,42,共12页Aerospace Technology

摘　　要：高速飞行器由于飞行速度较高,受气动加热、内部设备散热、推进系统散热等多因素耦合影响,其飞行过程的热环境较为恶劣。结合高速飞行器的热环境特点,详细分析了高速飞行器的热管理挑战,讨论了热-轴功-电能转化的需求,介绍了超临界CO_(2)布雷顿循环特点及超临界CO_(2)的换热特性,认为循环效率高、系统紧凑、工质安全的超临界CO_(2)布雷顿循环较为适用于高速飞行器的热管理。未来可进一步结合推进、热防护与热管理、供电等多方面需求,并考虑飞行环境的影响,对循环系统进行针对性的设计与优化,进一步提升这一循环与高速飞行器的适配性,实现多系统协同优化与匹配运行。The thermal environment of high-speed flight vehicles during flight is relatively harsh due to their high flight speed and the coupled influence of multiple factors such as aerodynamic heating, internal equipment heat dissipation, and propulsion system heat dissipation. The thermal management challenges of high-speed flight vehicles in detail according to the characteristics of high-speed flight are analyzed, and the demand for the conversion between heat, shaft work and electrical energy of high-speed vehicles are discussed.The advantages of the supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle and the heat transfer characteristics of supercritical CO_(2) are introduced. It is concluded that the supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle, which is characterized by high thermodynamic efficiency, compactness of the system and safety of the working fluid, is relatively suitable for the thermal management of high-speed flight vehicles, and the directions of future researches that need to be focused on are further discussed. In the future, it is possible to consider the requirements of propulsion,thermal protection and thermal management, power supply, and other aspects, as well as the impact of the flight environment, to design and optimize the cycle system. The feasibility of this cycle can thus be further improved, while enhancing multi-system collaborative optimization and cooperative operation.

关 键 词：超临界CO_(2) 动力循环 热管理 高速飞行器 可行性分析 换热特性 

分 类 号：TK114[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]