基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药与岩石匹配方法  

A Method for Matching On-site Mixed Explosives with Rocks based on Controlling Energy Transfer Efficiency

作　　者：崔雪姣 李启月[1] 冷振东 姚颖康 周建敏 赵明生 CUI Xue-jiao;LI Qi-yue;LENG Zhen-dong;YAO Ying-kang;ZHOU Jian-min;ZHAO Ming-sheng(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Poly Xinlian Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 550002,China;Gezhouba Group Explosive Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401121,China;State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Mining College of Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,长沙410083 [2]保利新联爆破工程集团有限公司,贵阳550002 [3]中国葛洲坝集团易普力股份有限公司,重庆401121 [4]江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉430056 [5]贵州大学矿业学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第3期9-15,共7页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51809016、52064003);重庆市自然科学基金(cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0079);精细爆破国家重点实验室、爆破工程湖北省重点实验室联合开放基金资助(PBSKL2022C02)。

摘　　要：炸药与岩石的匹配关系对于提高炸药能量利用率、提升爆破效果与降低成本至关重要。首先分析了钻孔爆破中爆破能量的分配规律,然后考虑现场混装炸药的非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对岩石钻孔爆破破坏分区计算模型进行了修正,在此基础上建立了基于能量传输效率控制的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配模型,最后结合现场试验对新的炸药-岩石匹配方法的合理性进行验证。结果表明:新方法综合考虑了现场混装炸药非理想爆轰特性和岩石应变率效应对爆破破坏分区范围的影响,可以直观地反映爆破破碎效果及能量有效利用率,更加科学合理。不同炸药-岩石匹配条件下的爆破块度试验证实了匹配结果与传统波阻抗理论并不总是一致,采用新的现场混装炸药-岩石匹配方法,爆破粉矿率较原有炸药参数有明显的降低,爆破大块率从6.7%下降至1%以下,进一步验证了新方法的合理性。The matching relationship between explosives and rocks is crucial for improving the energy utilization efficiency of explosives,enhancing blasting effectiveness,and reducing costs.Firstly,this study analyzed the energy distribution during drilling and blasting operations.Then,the damage zone calculation model was revised considering the non-ideal detonation characteristics of explosives and the strain rate effect on rocks.And an on-site mixed explosives and rock matching model was then developed based on the control of energy transmission efficiency.Finally,field experiments were conducted to verify the rationality of the new explosive-rock matching method.The results show that the new method is more scientific and reasonable than traditional methods,and can intuitively reflect the blasting fragmentation effect and energy utilization efficiency,by taking account of the non-ideal detonation behavior of mixed explosives and the strain rate effects on rock damage partition.Blasting fragmentation tests under various explosive-rock matching conditions revealed discrepancies with the traditional wave impedance theory.By applying the new explosive-rock matching method,the percentage of fines was significantly reduced,and the boulder yield decreased from 6.7%to below 1%,further validating the method′s effectiveness.

关 键 词：钻孔爆破 破坏分区 岩石-炸药匹配 能量利用率 

分 类 号：TD235.1[矿业工程—矿井建设]