基于深孔延期爆破应力场的边孔距的研究  

Study on Edge Hole Spacing based on Stress Field of Deep Hole Delay Blasting

作　　者：姚炳金 牛明远 曾令峰 郭文康 林日宗 楼晓明[1,2] YAO Bing-jin;NIU Ming-yuan;ZENG Ling-feng;GUO Wen-kang;LIN Ri-zong;LOU Xiao-ming(Zijin School of Geology and Mining,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China;Institute of Explosion Technology,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350116,China;Zijin Mining Construction Co.,Ltd.,Xiamen 361026,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院,福州350116 [2]福州大学爆炸技术研究所,福州350116 [3]紫金矿业建设有限公司,厦门361026

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第3期51-59,共9页Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:52109124);义兴寨金矿河湾斑岩型金矿深孔控制爆破技术研究(编号:01612118)。

摘　　要：为解决地下矿房大直径深孔延期爆破导致矿房两侧充填体的破坏问题,需对延期爆破产生的应力场进行研究,以确定合理的边孔距与孔间延期时间。根据应力波传播和衰减规律,确定了产生复杂应力场的前后起爆孔距、延期时间和边孔距。基于矿山实际情况,根据波动学理论分析了两孔延期爆破产生的应力波在被爆岩体和充填体内的叠加,取得了两孔延期爆破的应力场函数解析式,结合Mises准则,确定了在相同孔间距、延期时间的情况下,不同边孔距离的情况下被爆岩体的崩落范围以及充填体的破坏范围。通过LS-DYNA数值模拟软件建立了6个数值模型,模拟不同方案下炸药起爆后,在被爆岩体和充填体内选取应力临界点进行分析,模拟结果表明:边孔距大于裂隙区范围时,不同边孔距对被爆岩体的崩落范围几乎无影响;适当的增大边孔距可以能够有效降低应力波对充填体造成的破坏。最后,对4组爆破参数进行了现场工业试验,得到了优化后的爆破参数为:同侧两孔间距2.0 m,前后起爆孔延期9 ms,边孔距1.8 m。To solve the problem of the filling bodies failure on both sides of the room caused by differential blasting of large diameter deep holes in underground mine,the stress field generated by differential blasting should be studied to determine a reasonable edge hole spacing and a delay time between the holes.According to the stress wave propagation and attenuation law,the front and rear detonation hole distance,delay time,and edge hole distance generated by complex stress field were determined.Furthermore,the superposition of the stress wave generated by the two-hole differential blasting in the blasted rock mass and the filling body was analyzed according to the wave theory.The stress field function analytical formula of the two-hole differential blasting was obtained.Meanwhile,the collapse range of the blasted rock mass and the failure range of the filled body under different side hole spacing conditions under the same hole spacing and delay time were determined.The LS-DYNA numerical simulation software established six numerical models,and the stress critical points were selected in the blasted rock mass and filling body for analysis after simulating the initiation of explosives under different schemes.The simulation results show that different edge hole distances had almost no effect on the collapse range of the exposed rock mass when the distance between edge holes was more significant than the range of the crack zone.Appropriately increasing the distance between edge holes can effectively reduce the damage caused by stress waves to the filling body.Finally,the field industrial test of four groups of blasting parameters was carried out,and the optimized blasting parameters were determined as the spacing between the two holes on the same side was 2.0 m,the delay time between the front and rear initiation holes was 9 ms,and the side hole spacing was 1.8 m.

关 键 词：采场深孔爆破 延期爆破 爆破应力场 边孔距 充填体 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]