高寒区冻融环境下岩体爆破漏斗试验研究  

Experimental Study on Blasting Crater of Rock Mass under Freeze-thaw Environment in High Cold Region

作　　者：刘博 苟永刚 叶明珠 潘懿 拾立振 LIU Bo;GOU Yong-gang;YE Ming-zhu;PAN Yi;SHI Li-zhen(Changsha Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410012 China;Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center of Mine Geological Hazard Control and Environmental Reconstruction,Changsha 410012 China;College of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Nantong Ocean and Coastal Engineering Research Institute,Hohai University,Nantong 226000,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,长沙410012 [2]湖南省矿山地质灾害防治与环境再造工程技术研究中心,长沙410012 [3]河海大学土木与交通学院,南京210029 [4]南通河海大学海洋与近海工程研究院,南通226000

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第3期60-68,110,共10页Blasting

基　　金：江苏省青年自科基金(编号BK20220975);南通市基础科学研究_青年科技人才创新专项(项目编号JC12022097)。

摘　　要：相比常规岩体,高寒区冻融环境下岩体的力学参数及破碎特征均存在显著变化,其矿岩爆破开挖也难以直接应用传统设计参数,开展冻融环境下的爆破工艺参数研究具有重要意义。研究以巨龙铜矿为依托,在分析冻融循环对岩石力学特性影响的基础上,开展了冻融环境下矿岩的单孔和双孔同段爆破漏斗试验,测定了爆破漏斗几何参数和块度分布,采用拟合方法确定了爆破设计的合理参数,并对比分析了该矿山四种不同岩性条件下的爆破漏斗参数变化。结果表明:冻融循环作用下岩体力学特性显著衰减,单轴抗压强度和弹性模量下降幅度可达40.6%、54.0%;不同岩性条件下冻融矿岩的单孔爆破最佳埋深比为0.678~0.789,最佳药包埋深与漏斗半径比值分布在0.875~1.076范围内。针对知不拉矿区炮孔孔径152 mm,矽卡岩孔网参数为4.5 m×3 m,炸药单耗0.56 kg/m^(3);凝灰岩孔网参数为5 m×4 m,炸药单耗0.63 kg/m^(3);针对巨龙矿区孔径310 mm,凝灰岩爆破孔网参数为7 m×5 m,炸药单耗0.61 kg/m^(3);花岗斑岩孔网参数为8 m×5 m,炸药单耗0.64 kg/m^(3)。Rock′s mechanical parameters and fragmentation characteristics significantly change under the freezing and thawing environment in high-altitude cold regions,and it is difficult to directly apply traditional blasting parameters for excavation.Therefore,researching blasting design parameters in freeze-thaw environments is of great importance.This study analyzed the impact of freeze-thaw cycles on rock mechanical properties and conducted the crater experiments of single-hole and double-hole simultaneous blasts in ore rocks under freeze-thaw conditions based on Jurong Copper mine.Futhermore,the geometric parameters and block size distribution of the crater were measured after blasting,and the reasonable parameters for blasting design were determined using the mathematical fitting methods.Additionally,the changes in the blasting crater parameters of the mine were also compared and analyzed under four different rock conditions.The results show that the mechanical properties of rock mass significantly deteriorate with a decrease in uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of up to 40.6%and 54.0%under freeze-thaw cycles,respectively.The optimal burial depth ratio for single-hole blasting of freeze-thaw ore rocks is 0.678~0.789 under different lithological conditions,and the ratio of the optimal charge burial depth to crater radius is distributed in the range of 0.875~1.076.For Chibula mining area,the hole diameter is 152 mm,the diorite hole net parameter is 4.5 m×3 m,the corresponding explosives consumption is 0.56 kg/m 3,and the tuff hole net parameter is 5 m×4 m with a 0.63 kg/m^(3)explosives consumption.For Jurong mining area,the hole diameter is 310 mm,the tuff blasting hole net parameter and explosive consumption is respectively 7 m×5 m and 0.61 kg/m^(3),and the granite porphyry hole net parameter and explosive consumption is respectively 8 m×5 m and 0.64 kg/m^(3).

关 键 词：高寒地区 冻融环境 岩体爆破 爆破设计参数 物理力学特性 爆破漏斗试验 

分 类 号：O319.56[理学—一般力学与力学基础]