深部破碎软岩巷道超前控顶加固及控制爆破技术  

Advanced Roof Control Reinforcement and Controlled Blasting Technology for Deep Broken Soft Rock Roadway

作　　者：汪禹[1,2] 张西良 李龙福[1,3] 殷登才 崔正荣[1,2,3] 王小兵 金科 WANG Yu;ZHANG Xi-liang;LI Long-fu;YIN Deng-cai;CUI Zheng-rong;WANG Xiao-bing;JIN Ke(State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;Maanshan Institute of Mining Research Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Manshan 243000,China;Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Gushan Mining Co,.Ltd.,Anhui Masteel Mining Resources Group,Maanshan 243111,China)

机构地区：[1]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,马鞍山243000 [2]马鞍山矿山研究院爆破工程有限责任公司,马鞍山243000 [3]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,马鞍山243000 [4]安徽马钢矿业资源集团姑山矿业有限公司,马鞍山243111

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第3期75-84,共10页Blasting

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题—深部厚大矿体大参数高效连续开采技术(*2022YFC2904101)。

摘　　要：随着矿山开采深度逐渐增加,深部破碎围岩工程地质条件转为复杂多变,极大程度上影响巷道等工程施工过程及后续使用安全;为确保深部破碎软岩巷道施工过程中安全及质量,提出了软岩巷道超前控顶加固及控制爆破技术。针对钟九铁矿-550 m水平6号交岔点岩体裂隙极为发育、稳定性差等特点,拟采用超前控顶措施加固顶板围岩,提高深部破碎软岩巷道的承载力。为便于6号交岔点掘进施工,沿6号交岔点东北侧方向划分17个掘进区,并采用“四步”台阶法分段施工。针对同段起爆数码电子雷管,起爆器系统可随机设置单发雷管起爆间隔时间为3~5 ms,实现同段炮孔单孔单响,降低爆破振动对6号交岔点影响。根据不同掘进区总体岩性情况,优化支护方式(管棚支护、W型钢带及锚索支护等联合支护方式等),确保6号交岔点后续使用期安全。试验结果表明:采用超前控顶加固、控制分区爆破技术,降低破碎软岩巷道顶板偏帮、下沉,保证6号交岔点断面成型效果,削减其支护、后期维护等综合成本达8.7%,该技术可为类似巷道施工提供一定指导建议。With the gradual increase of mining depth,the engineering geological conditions of deep broken surrounding rock mass become complex and changeable,greatly affecting underground projects′construction process and subsequent use period′s safety.In order to ensure the safety and quality of deep broken soft rock roadway during the construction process,advanced roof control reinforcement and controlled blasting technology for soft rock roadway were put forward.In view of the characteristics of highly developed fissures and poor stability of rock mass at the No.6 intersection of-550 m level in Zhongjiu iron mine,it was proposed to adopt advanced roof control measures to strengthen the surrounding rock mass of the roof and improve the bearing capacity of deep-buried broken soft rock roadway.In order to facilitate the excavation construction,17 excavation areas were divided along the northeast side of the No.6 intersection,and a four-step method was used for segmented construction.To realize the hole-by-hole shot and reduce the influence of blasting vibration,the detonation interval between two adjacent digital electronic detonators was randomly set to 3~5 ms.According to the overall lithology of different excavation areas,the support methods(pipe shed support,W-shaped steel belt,anchor cable support,etc.)were optimized to ensure the safety of the subsequent use of the No.6 intersection.The test results show that the advanced roof control reinforcement and controlled partition blasting technology can reduce the roof deflection and subsidence of broken soft rock roadway,which ensures the forming effect of the No.6 intersection section and reduces the cost of support and shotcrete by 8.7%.

关 键 词：破碎软岩 台阶法施工 支护方式 数码电子雷管 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]