基于爆破位移监测的矿石损失及贫化控制研究  

Study on Ore Loss and Dilution Control based on Blast Movement Monitoring System

作　　者：谢烽 黄磊 张书鹏 刘玉龙 张怀峰 杨威 XIE Feng;HUANG Lei;ZHANG Shu-peng;LIU Yu-long;ZHANG Huai-feng;YANG Wei(North Blasting Technology Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100097,China;CGNPC Uranium Resources Co.,LTD.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北方爆破科技有限公司,北京100097 [2]中广核铀业发展有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《爆破》2024年第3期104-110,共7页Blasting

摘　　要：为了降低矿石的损失和贫化,湖山矿引入了爆破运动检测系统(BMM),并在炮孔直径为177 mm,台阶高度为7.5 m的3个生产区块中进行了试验。现场试验时,在各试验区块分别布置6、8、5个监测孔,并在各监测孔分别放置2个位移监测球,埋置深度为3.5 m、9 m,来记录爆破后岩体的垂直和水平移动。试验结果显示:爆破导致矿石的移动可以被BMM系统检测到,三个试验区块上部矿体的平均水平位移分别为6.55 m、6.97 m和9.24 m;下部矿体的平均水平位移分别为3.2 m、3.9 m和4.0 m;上部矿体平均垂直位移分别为4.1 m、2.0 m和3.2 m;底部矿体平均垂直位移分别为0.72 m、0.98 m、0.84 m。爆破时矿体总是倾向于向阻力最小的方向移动。无论是水平位移还是垂直位移,上部矿体的位移总是大于下部矿体;除水平位移导致的矿岩边界变化外,垂直位移对矿石的损失和贫化也有很大影响,底部矿体也可能移动至中部或上部,反之亦然。露天矿山爆区往往由多种岩石构成,根据地质信息完成爆破设计后,爆后矿体的水平位移和垂直位移均是导致矿石品位降低的主要原因。采用BMM系统监测得到的爆后矿岩边界指导挖运作业后,矿石平均贫化率降低了1.2%,平均损失率降低了1.5%,在湖山铀矿全寿期内可以累积创造超过1000万人民币的经济效益。该技术可准确界定爆后矿岩边界,根据准确的爆后矿岩体边界指导挖运作业是降低露天矿山矿石贫化率、损失率、减少矿石品位分类错误的重要技术手段,是准确控制矿石品位以实现资源回收和经济效益双重目标的技术保障,在提高湖山矿爆破精细化水平的同时,也可为国内外同类矿山爆破提供参考。To reduce the loss and dilution of ore in Husab Mine,a blasting movement monitoring(BMM)system was introduced and tested in three production blocks with 177 mm diameter drilling holes and a 7.5 m step height.During the field test,6,8,and 5 monitoring holes were arranged in each test block.Two displacement monitoring balls were placed in each monitoring hole at a 3.5 m and 9m depth to record the rock body′s vertical and horizontal movement after blasting.The results show that the movement of the ore body due to blasting can be detected by BMM,and the average horizontal displacement of the upper ore body of the three test blocks is 6.55 m,6.97 m,and 9.24 m,respectively.The average horizontal displacement of the lower ore body is 3.2 m,3.9 m,and 4.0 m,respectively.The average vertical displacement of the upper ore body is 4.1 m,2.0 m,and 3.2 m,respectively.The average vertical displacement of the bottom ore body is 0.72 m,0.98 m,and 0.84 m,respectively.The ore body always moves in the direction with the least resistance during blasting.Whether horizontal or vertical displacement,the displacement of the upper ore body is always more significant than that of the lower ore body.In addition to changes in the boundaries between the ore and rock due to horizontal displacement,vertical displacement also has a significant influence on the loss and dilution of ore,and the bottom ore body may also move to the middle or the upper part of the ore body,and vice versa.The blast zone of open pit mines often consists of a variety of rocks,and both horizontal and vertical displacements of the ore body after completing the blast design based on geological information are the leading causes of ore grade reduction.Using the post-blast rock boundaries obtained from the BMM system monitoring to guide the excavation and transportation operations,the average ore dilution rate has been reduced by 1.2%.The average loss rate has been reduced by 1.5%,which can create more than 10 million RMB of economic benefits cumulatively over the entire

关 键 词：爆炸力学 矿岩移动 矿石损失 矿石贫化 爆破移动监测 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]