琼东南盆地天然气水合物发育区地质灾害发育特征与成因探讨  

Development characteristics and mechanism of geological hazards in natural gas hydrate development area of Qiongdongnan basin

作　　者：袁胜 张伟[1,2,3] 吴庐山[1,2,3] 刘鹏奇 王阔 季春生 王力峰 王飞飞[1,2,3] YUAN Sheng;ZHANG Wei;WU Lushan;LIU Pengqi;WANG Kuo;JI Chunsheng;WANG Lifeng;WANG Feifei(Sanya Institute of South China Sea Geology,Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China;Academy of South China Sea Geological Science,China Geological Survey,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China;National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development,Guangzhou,Guangdong 511458,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局三亚南海地质研究所,海南三亚572024 [2]中国地质调查局南海地质科学院,海南三亚572024 [3]天然气水合物勘查开发国家工程研究中心,广东广州511458

出　　处：《地质学报》2024年第9期2753-2765,共13页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：三亚崖州湾科技城“崖州湾”菁英人才科技专项项目(编号SCKJ-JYRC-2023-08);中国工程科技发展战略海南研究院重大咨询研究项目(编号21-HN-ZD-02)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：地质调查与钻探结果证实南海北部琼东南盆地赋存丰富的天然气水合物资源,天然气水合物赋存区往往地质构造复杂且发育一系列潜在的地质灾害,可能对海洋工程以及环境气候等产生一系列的威胁和挑战。本文基于公开文献成果以及琼东南盆地高分辨率二维和三维地震等资料,对琼东南盆地天然气水合物发育区相关地质灾害开展研究,梳理了地质灾害的类型以及不同类型灾害的发育特征和识别标志,总结了天然气水合物发育区海底地质灾害发育模式,并结合区域构造沉积背景等地质因素,对各类型地质灾害的成因机制进行了综合分析。研究表明,琼东南盆地充足的物源供给、普遍发育的高温超压、复杂的构造沉积背景以及丰富的有机质是天然气水合物成藏及相关海底地质灾害普遍发育的主要成因。琼东南盆地天然气水合物赋存区发育多类型地质灾害,各地质灾害因素彼此之间往往共同作用、相互影响,且与天然气水合物的关系复杂,其中海底滑坡与天然气水合物的关系最为密切,天然气水合物的形成分解与海底滑坡处于一个动态的发展过程中。最后,针对目前国内海底地质灾害在研究、监测、预警等方面的发展现状,指出了未来海底地质灾害研究中需要解决的主要问题,为琼东南盆地天然气水合物未来的商业化开采与灾害风险评估提供一定的参考。The Qiongdongnan basin(QDNB)in the northern South China Sea(SCS)has been confirmed to host significant natural gas hydrate deposits through extensive geological surveys and drilling results.However,gas hydrate occurrences are typically associated with a series of potential geological hazards that can significantly impact offshore engineering,environmental climate,and other aspects.Based on published literature and high-resolution 2D and 3D seismic data of the QDNB,areal geohazards related to gas hydrates are investigated.We identify and characterize different types of geological hazards,outlining their development characteristics and models.Combined with the regional tectonic and sedimentary background,the genetic mechanisms underlying each hazard type are analyzed comprehensively.Our findings demonstrate that abundant provenance,high-temperature overpressure,a complex tectonicsedimentary background,and abundant organic matter are the main causes of gas hydrate accumulation and associated seabed geological hazards in the QDNB.The region exhibits a diverse range of geological hazards,with interacting factors often influencing each other in complex ways.Among these,submarine landslides are most closely linked to gas hydrate occurrences,with hydrate formation and decomposition dynamically intertwined with landslide processes.Considering the current state of domestic seabed geohazard research,monitoring,and early warning systems,this study highlights key areas for future research.Furthermore,it and provides a valuable reference for the safe and sustainable commercial exploitation of gas hydrates in the QDNB,emphasizing the need for comprehensive risk assessments and mitigation strategies to address the potential hazards associated with these valuable energy resources.

关 键 词：琼东南盆地 天然气水合物 海底地质灾害 发育特征 成因机制 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学] P618.13