损毁铁路桥梁悬空轨排拆除施工技术  

Demolition Techniques of Disengaged Track Panels of Damaged Railway Bridge

作　　者：曾国华 赵檠锋 杨普江 ZENG Guohua;ZHAO Qingfeng;YANG Pujiang(China Railway Second Bureau Group Fifth Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610091,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁二局集团第五工程有限公司,四川成都610091

出　　处：《世界桥梁》2024年第5期48-54,共7页World Bridges

摘　　要：某铁路大桥桥址发生极端强降雨,造成桥梁小里程侧4孔简支梁桥墩垮塌及梁体掉落,5号墩墩身受损严重,0号桥台~4号墩长106 m的轨排结构失去下部支撑,处于悬空状态,需尽快拆除悬空轨排。为保证既有桥梁安全和减少桥梁复建的施工难度,采用“逐级卸载、分步拆除”方案,首先按照大里程侧向小里程侧“拆一留一”原则拆除1/2轨枕,接着两岸同步拆除护轮轨,然后拆除剩余轨枕,最后分步拆除钢轨。拆除施工时,为确保作业安全,在轨排上方架设2道生命绳;在2根钢轨上设置1台轨枕拆除小车,作为起吊设备及人员操作平台,按照大里程侧向小里程侧“拆一留一”原则拆除1/2轨枕并下放至地面;在跨中位置解除护轮轨连接,由跨中向两侧拆除护轮轨扣件,通过卷扬机分别拖拉拆除两侧护轮轨;以小车作为施工平台,由小里程侧向大里程侧依次拆除剩余轨枕;通过卷扬机、滑轮组和钢丝绳依次拆除大里程侧线左、右侧钢轨。Extreme rainfall caused the collapse of piers and girders in the four simply-supported spans of a railway bridge.The pier No.5 was severely damaged,the supports of the 106 m-long track panels between piers No.0 and No.4 disappeared,leaving the track panels disengaged,and the latter needed to be demolished as quickly as possible.To ensure the security of the existing bridge and lower the construction complexities of the reconstruction work,a plan of"phased de-loading and step-by-step demolition"was implemented.During the demolition,two life ropes were hung over the track panels for operation safety.A trolly was employed as the hoisting equipment and operation platform for personnel.Half of the tracks were demolished and lowered onto ground following the principle of"demolishing one and leaving one"from the starting point to the designated point.At the midspan,the connection of the check rails was removed,with fastenings of the check rails demolished from the midspan towards the ends of the span.The check rails were dragged and removed via winches,afterwards,the trolley was used as construction platform again,to demolish the remaining sleepers in sequence from a designated point towards the ends.At last,the other half of the tracks were demolished using winches,pulleys and steel wire ropes.

关 键 词：铁路桥 悬空轨排 生命绳 轨枕拆除小车 桥梁病害 拆除技术 

分 类 号：U443.312[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U445.6[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]