西方有关“苗疆”和“苗人”的知识来源——以早期耶稣会士地图为中心  

Sources of Western Knowledge about Miao Territory and Miao People:Focused on Early Jesuits'Maps

作　　者：韦凯 Wei Kai(Center for Historical Geographic Studies,Fudan University,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《中国历史地理论丛》2024年第3期92-104,共13页Journal of Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“国内外庋藏康熙《皇舆全览图》谱系地图整理及研究”(23&ZD261)。

摘　　要：以往学界多认为西方有关“苗疆”和“苗人”的知识源自杜赫德《中华帝国全志》,但从耶稣会士著作、信札及所绘地图来看,早其半个多世纪的卫匡国《中国新图志》中就已出现了“苗疆”的雏形,其资料来源是中文文献。而杜赫德著作中的有关内容则大部分来自耶稣会士在测绘康熙《皇舆全览图》时与“苗人”交流获得的直接知识,其中雷孝思所撰《苗子》一文可视为西方最早关于“苗人”的民族志。随着“礼仪之争”导致中西交流近乎中断,此后200余年间西方对中国西南地区的地图绘制以及对“苗人”的认知仍长期停留在清初耶稣会士的水准。Previous academic opinion regarded that the western knowledge about Miao Territory and Miao People came from Jean-Baptiste Du Halde's Description de l'Empire de la Chine.But this article argues that the early concept of Miao Territory appeared in Martino Martini's Novus Atlas Sinensis more than half a century ago based on the Jesuits'works,letters and maps.And Martino Martini's data sources was indirect knowledge from Chinese records.While most of the relevant contents in Jean-Baptiste Du Halde's works was direct knowledge which came from the observation and communication with the Miao People when Jesuits presided the survey and mapped the Huangyu Quanlan Tu(Overview Maps of Imperial Territories,《皇舆全览图》)in Kangxi Regin.Including the article De La Nation Des Miao Sse written by Régis should be the earliest ethnography about the Miao people in the western society.As the Chinese Rites controversy led to the interruption of Sino-Western exchanges,the western mapping activities in the Southwest China and its cognition of the Miao People in the following two hundred years remained at the level of the Jesuits in the early Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：耶稣会士 中国地图 苗疆 苗人 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]