集聚外部性提升了农户全要素生产率吗?  

Do Agglomeration Externalities Increase the Total Factor Productivity of Farm Households?

作　　者：曾光[1] 张拓 丁玉超 ZENG Guang;ZHANG Tuo;DING Yuchao

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学经济管理学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]上海社会科学院经济研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第5期82-94,共13页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于资源禀赋和集聚外部性视角的县域农产品加工业集群演化机制研究”(23BJY189)。

摘　　要：技术进步和技术效率改善是促进粮食产业高质量发展,保障粮食安全的重要路径。随着水稻种植规模和稻农密度的增加,要素空间集中形成的集聚外部性不仅能够有效提升行业技术水平,而且还可以改善稻农技术非效率。基于湖南省2014-2020年间1248份水稻种植户微观数据,采用超越对数随机前沿生产函数模型,将表征集聚经济效应的种植规模和稻农密度,同时纳入前沿函数和技术非效率项中,综合考察集聚外部性对稻农全要素生产率的影响。研究结果发现:无论是水稻种植规模还是稻农密度,都显著地促进了水稻生产技术进步,提升了农户技术效率;两种集聚变量的产出弹性均为正,共同推动水稻产出前沿面外移;分地形和分农户种植面积的异质性回归结果与基准回归结果一致,结论具有稳健性。据此提出,水稻种植区要完善基础设施,利用土地政策满足农户需求,提升农业生产效率;利用土地整治等农田建设手段改善细碎化问题,推动村组生产专业化和规模化;通过改革土地制度、强化支持政策,结合地方实际优化农业结构,发挥水稻种植的规模和密度经济效应,提高全要素生产率。Technological progress and improvements in technical efficiency are critical for promoting high-quality development of the food industry and ensuring food security.As rice cultivation scales up and the density of rice farmers increase,the agglomeration externality formed by the spatial concentration of factors can not only effectively enhance the technological level of the industry,but also reduce the technological non-efficiency of rice farmers.Based on 1,248 rice farmers’microdata during 2014−2020 in Hunan Province,the transcendental logarithmic stochastic frontier production function model is used to incorporate the planting scale and rice farmer density-key indicators of agglomeration economic effectsinto the frontier function and the technical non-efficiency term at the same time,and to comprehensively investigate the impact of agglomeration externalities on the total factor productivity of rice farmers.The findings reveal that:both rice planting scale and rice farmer density significantly promote the technical progress of rice production and enhance the technical efficiency of farmers.The positive output elasticities of these agglomeration variables collectively contribute to an outward shift in the rice production frontier.Additionally,the results from heterogeneous regressions based on planting area of the subtopography and the sub-farmer align with the baseline results,confirming their robustness.Based on these findings,it is recommended to improve infrastructure in rice-growing areas,use land policies to meet the needs of farmers,and enhance the efficiency of agricultural production.It is also advisable to use land remediation and other means of farmland construction to address the problem of fragmentation,and promote the specialization and scaling up of production in villages and groups;and give full play to the economies of scale and density of rice cultivation by reforming the land system,strengthening the supportive policies,and optimizing the agricultural structure in conjunction with the local

关 键 词：集聚经济 种植规模 稻农密度 技术效率 产出弹性 

分 类 号：F326[经济管理—产业经济]