不同药剂处理对‘奥斯特’北美冬青新梢生长和株型的影响  

Effects of Different Chemical Treatments on Shoot Growth and Plant Type of Ilex verticillata‘Oosterwijk’

作　　者：刘佳琪 陶文楷 邹义萍 秦建春 郝明灼[1,2] LIU Jiaqi;TAO Wenkai;ZOU Yiping;QING Jianchun;HAO Mingzhuo(College of Forestry and Grassland,Nanjing Forestry University/Soil and Water Conservation,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210037;Jiangsu Qing Hao Landscape Horticulture Co.Ltd.,Nanjing,Jiangsu 211225;Administrative Examination and Approval Service Bureau of Zhaoyuan City,Zhaoyuan,Shandong 265400)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林草学院,水土保持学院,江苏南京210037 [2]江苏青好景观园艺有限公司,江苏南京211225 [3]山东省招远市行政审批服务局,山东招远265400

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第17期67-75,共9页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：江苏省现代农业重点研发计划资助项目(BE2021307)。

摘　　要：以二年生北美冬青‘奥斯特’地栽苗为试材,将调环酸钙、甲哌鎓、亚磷酸钾这3种药剂进行不同浓度的混配,在苗木进入速生期后,采取对全株叶片表面进行喷施的方法,通过测定其苗高、地径、新梢长度、新梢基部粗度、叶片长宽等生长指标,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_(2)浓度等光合作用指标,以及SPAD、MDA、可溶性糖含量和SOD、POD活性等生理指标,研究不同药剂处理对‘奥斯特’北美冬青新梢生长调控效果,以及对其株型的影响,以期探讨在北美冬青生长调控方面最科学有效的药剂处理方式,为生产中的实际应用提供参考依据。结果表明:1)各处理均能起到有效降低苗高、减少新梢长度和叶片长宽、增加地径和新梢粗度、提高叶片SPAD值的作用;2)各处理均能有效提高叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度,降低胞间CO_(2)浓度;3)T1、T4处理的‘奥斯特’在生长过程中叶部出现明显药害,T2、T3处理下株型调控效果较好;4)T2和T5处理下‘奥斯特’MDA含量最低,SOD和POD活性最高,T2和T3处理下可溶性糖含量升高,植株抗逆性最优;5)隶属函数法分析结果表明调控效果由大到小依次为T2>T5>T4>T1>T3>T6>CK。因此,以合理控制苗高、缩短新梢长度、植株生长势良好为目标,T2(5%调环酸钙1.3 g·L^(-1)+98%甲哌鎓0.67 g·L^(-1))效果最佳,其次为T5处理(5%调环酸钙0.67 g·L^(-1)+98%甲哌鎓0.3 g·L^(-1)+亚磷酸钾500倍液)。Taking 2-year-old Ilex verticillata‘Oosterwijk’seedlings as the test materials,three agents,namely calcium cyclamate,mepiquat chloride,and potassium phosphite were combined in different concentrations.The treatments were applied via foliar spray when seedlings entered their rapid growth phase.Growth indicators(seedling height,basal diameter,shoot length and thickness,leaf dimensions),photosynthetic parameters(net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO_(2)concentration),and physiological indices(SPAD value,MDA content,soluble sugar content,SOD and POD activities)were measured to evaluate treatment effects comprehensively.The results showed that,1)all treatments effectively reduced seedling height and leaf dimensions while increasing basal diameter,shoot thickness,and SPAD value.2)Leaf photosynthetic activity was enhanced across all treatments,as evidenced by increased net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance,coupled with reduced intercellular CO_(2)concentration.3)Treatments T1 and T4 induced significant phytotoxicity in leaf development,whereas T2 and T3 demonstrated superior canopy regulation.4)Plants under T2 and T5 treatments exhibited the lowest MDA content and highest SOD and POD activities.T2 and T3 treatments increased soluble sugar content,indicating enhanced stress resistance.5)Membership function analysis revealed treatment efficacy ranking from highest to lowest as follows,T2>T5>T4>T1>T3>T6>CK.In conclusion,for optimal control of seedling height,shoot length reduction,and promotion of vigorous plant growth,T2 treatment(5%calcium cyclamate 1.3 g·L^(-1)+98%mepiquat chloride 0.67 g·L^(-1))proved most effective,followed by T5 treatment(5%calcium cyclamate 0.67 g·L^(-1)+98%mepiquat chloride 0.3 g·L^(-1)+potassium phosphite 500-fold solution).

关 键 词：北美冬青 植物生长调节剂 控梢 株型调控 生理特性 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]