枯草期玉树牦牛血液生化指标及瘤胃菌群构成分析  

Analysis of Blood Biochemical Indexes and Rumen Microflora Composition of Yushu Yak in Grass Withering Period

作　　者：丁自强 张犇 郭韶珂 胡丽妍 裴杰[1] 熊琳[1] 索昂求培 杨涛 赵索南 郭宪[1] DING Ziqiang;ZHANG Ben;GUO Shaoke;HU Liyan;PEI Jie;XIONG Lin;SUOANG Qiupei;YANG Tao;ZHAO Suonan;GUO Xian(Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding of Gansu Province,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Lanzhou 730050,China;Chengduo County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation,Chengduo 815100,China;Haibei Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park Management Committee,Haibei 810299,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃省牦牛繁育重点实验室,农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,兰州730050 [2]称多县畜牧兽医工作站,称多815100 [3]海北藏族自治州高原生态畜牧业科技示范园管委会,海北810299

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2024年第5期50-56,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1602302);青海省科技特派员专项(2023-NK-P68);财政部和农业农村部-现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(25-LZIHPS-01)。

摘　　要：本研究旨在探究枯草期玉树牦牛血清生化指标及瘤胃微生物构成变化,为制定冷季精准补饲方案提供参考。在冷季随机选取16头健康、体重相近的放牧玉树牦牛(公母各半),检测其血清生化指标及瘤胃微生物丰富度与多样性,同时采集枯草期牧草,测定其营养成分含量。结果显示,枯草期牧草中的粗蛋白含量为5.71%,粗脂肪含量为0.60 g/kg,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为65.47%和38.60%。血清生化指标分析显示,公牦牛血清中的白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和肌酐含量均显著高于母牦牛(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白和γ-谷氨酰转移酶含量显著低于母牦牛(P<0.05)。瘤胃微生物16S rRNA测序发现,母牦牛瘤胃液中纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacterota)和纤维杆菌属(Fibrobacter)的相对丰度显著高于公牦牛(P<0.05),而蓝菌门(Cyanobacteria)和Limimorpha属相对丰度显著低于公牦牛(P<0.05)。LEfSe和随机森林分析显示,琥珀酸单胞菌属(Succinimonas)是公母牦牛之间重要的差异标志物种。综上说明,枯草期牧草的营养成分含量较低,应进一步补饲营养价值较高的饲草料,以满足玉树牦牛在冷季的营养需求。The purpose of this study was to provide reference for formulating a precise supplementary feeding scheme in cold season by studying the changes of serum biochemical indexes and rumen microbial composition of Yushu yaks in the dry grass period.In this experiment,16 healthy Yushu yaks(half male and half female)with similar body weight were randomly selected in the cold season to detect the serum biochemical indexes and rumen microbial richness and diversity.At the same time,forage in the dry grass period was collected to determine content of the nutrient composi‐tion.The results showed that the crude protein content was 5.71%;the crude fat content was 0.60 g/kg;the neutral deter‐gent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents were 65.47%and 38.60%,respectively.The analysis of serum biochemical indexes showed that the contents of albumin,low density lipoprotein and creatinine in serum of male yaks were signifi‐cantly higher than those of female yaks(P<0.05),while the contents of high density lipoprotein and γ-glutamyl trans‐ferase in serum of male yaks were significantly lower than those of female yaks(P<0.05).16S rRNA sequencing of ru‐men microbial showed that the relative abundance of Fibrobacterota and Fibrobacter in rumen fluid of female yaks were significantly higher than those of male yaks.The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and Limimorpha were sig‐nificantly lower than those of male yaks.LEfSe and random forest analysis showed that Succinimonas was an impor‐tant differential marker species between male yaks and female yaks.In conclusion,the nutrient content of forage was lower during the dry grass period,and forage with higher nutritional value should be further supplemented to meet the nutritional requirements of Yushu yak in the cold season.

关 键 词：玉树牦牛 血液生化指标 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]