新型抗菌药物敏感性检测方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Novel Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods

作　　者：赵颖 徐英春 ZHAO Ying;XU Yingchun(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China;Graduate School,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 1000005,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院检验科,侵袭性真菌病机制研究与精准诊断北京市重点实验室,北京100730 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院研究生院,北京100005

出　　处：《协和医学杂志》2024年第5期1137-1145,共9页Medical Journal of Peking Union Medical College Hospital

基　　金：中央高水平医院临床科研专项(2022⁃PUMCH⁃C⁃052)。

摘　　要：抗菌药物敏感试验(antimicrobial susceptibility testing,AST)可指导临床合理选择抗菌药物,使患者获得良好预后,并减少耐药菌株产生。然而,传统AST费时费力,导致临床医生获取药敏结果不及时,仅凭借菌种和流行病学数据等经验用药,这可能是耐药菌株数量不断增加的原因之一。近年来,研究者致力于研发快速简便的AST检测手段,并取得相关研究进展。本文就基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱、微流控芯片系统、分子生物学技术、免疫学检测、流式细胞术等新型AST技术展开综述,以期为提高临床微生物实验室AST检测效率提供借鉴。Antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)helps guide clinical rational selection of antibiotics,enabling patients to achieve better prognosis and reducing the development of drug resistance.However,traditional AST is time⁃consuming and labor⁃intensive,meaning that clinicians are not able to obtain susceptibility results in a timely manner,and have to rely on experience based on bacterial species and epidemiological data for empirical drug selection.This may be one of the reasons for the continuous increase in the number of drug⁃resistant strains.In recent years,researchers have focused on the development of rapid and simple AST assays and have made relevant research progress.This article reviews the new AST technologies based on matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time⁃of⁃flight mass spectrometry(MALDI⁃TOF MS),microfluidic chip systems,nucleic acid detection methods,immunological detection,and flow cytometry,in the hope of providing reference for improving the efficiency of AST testing in clinical microbiology laboratories.

关 键 词：抗菌药物敏感试验 细菌 抗菌药物耐药 快速检测 

分 类 号：R446.5[医药卫生—诊断学]