流动的种子——现代育种技术对农业遗传资源权利关系的重塑  

Flowing Seeds:The Role of Modern Breeding Technology in Reshaping the Right Li Jingsong 45 Relationships over Plant Genetic Resources

作　　者：李静松 Li Jingsong

机构地区：[1]浙江大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会学研究》2024年第5期45-67,M0004,共24页Sociological Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当今中国农业食物体系变迁与新发展的动力机制研究”(22BSH156)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：现代育种技术实现了种子与基因价值的分离,使品种成为不受农户控制的商品。在绿色革命和基因革命推动下,种子先后经历从本地共有物到全球共有物、再从全球共有物到商品化的私有物的权属转变。尽管农户与之利益相关,他们却相对沉默,其原因在于种子从位空间抽离、进入流空间,形成新的权利关系和劳动分工,从而弱化了农户参与种子选育的能力。农业生物多样性对粮食安全意义重大,有必要重申遗传资源的公共物属性,激励种植者参与在地保护,增强种子供给系统的抗逆力。Modern breeding technology has achieved the splitting of genetic value from seeds,making plant variety a commodity beyond farmers'control.Influenced by the Green and Gene Revolutions,property rights over seeds have been transformed from local to global commons and from global commons to commodities.Despite being a stakeholder,farmers usually remain silent,because the new right relationships and labor division have weakened their ability to participate in seed selection and breeding when flowing seeds are lifted out of the space of places and put in the space of flows.As the conservation of in situ crop diversity is a key issue to ensure food security,it is necessary to reclaim the public value of genetic resources,encourage farmers'contributions to on-farm maintenance,and strengthen the resilience of seed supply systems.

关 键 词：农业生物多样性 粮食安全 商品化 育种者权利 流动社会学 

分 类 号：S-0[农业科学] F324.6[经济管理—产业经济] C91[社会学]