“远德”观与武帝前汉廷的边疆政制  

The View of“Yuande”and the Frontier Political System Before Emperor Wu

作　　者：王一义 Wang Yiyi(Military Law Research Institute of the Academy of Military Sciences,Academy of Military Science,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军军事科学院,北京100091

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第8期149-160,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目(20AFX006)。

摘　　要：“远德”最初指四夷受周公德行感召而悦服。按此,四夷归顺本是周公有德的自然结果。后来,孔子将其发挥为“修文德以徕远”,自此“修德”成了招徕四夷的手段。汉儒在孔子的基础上,把四夷主动归顺作为国家有德、天下安定太平的重要表征,则“德行”又成了需通过四夷归附证明的结果。汉朝官方接受并发展了这一模式,逐渐使“以德徕远”超越本义,深刻影响了汉朝的四夷政策,也成为我国传统边疆政制的重要理论基础。“Yuande”(远德)originates from a story about Duke of Zhou,which was recorded in the Book of Documents referring to attracting and winning over the peoples of the Four Barbarians(四夷)through virtuous conduct,making them submit to the rulers in a pleasing manner.According to the Book of Documents,the submission of the Four Barbarians was originally a natural outcome of the virtuous governance of Duke Zhou.Later on,Confucius elaborated on“cultivating Wende(Civil culture and virtuous conduct)to attract others from afar”,arguing that in order to achieve the purpose of making distant people submit,it was necessary to“cultivate Wende”.Here,“cultivating virtue”has become a deliberate means,which is different from the Book of Documents.Since the Spring and Autumn period,people have developed a highly influential“Yuande”story based on this,that is,the Yuechang Clan(越裳氏)willingly surrendered to Duke Zhou due to his virtue.This story was very popular during the Han Dynasty and frequently appeared on various occasions.In the early Han Dynasty,there was a tendency towards theorizing the concept of“Yuande”.Only when certain conditions were met could it become the recognized concept of“cultivating Wende to attract people from afar”by Confucian scholars.Firstly,“Yuande”referred to“Wende”rather than military suppression.Secondly,the people of the Four Barbarians should actively attach themselves to the Central Plains.Thirdly,“Yuande”must follow the order of“internal before external”.Moreover,Han Confucianism regarded the event of the Four Barbarians admiring the virtues of the Central Plains and voluntarily surrendering as an important symbol of national stability and world peace.This model was also officially recognized by the Han Dynasty,and from then on,the criterion for world peace and good governance throughout the realm was no longer elusive and intangible,but were broken down into many tangible and quantifiable factors.The initiative of the Four Barbarians to join the Ce

关 键 词：“远德”观 四夷 文德 武德 汉武帝 边疆政制 

分 类 号：D691[政治法律—政治学] K234.1[政治法律—中外政治制度]