非洲集团参与全球多边环境谈判的有效性分析  

An Analysis of the Effectiveness of the African Group's Participation in Global Multilateral Environmental Negotiations

作　　者：周逸江 Zhou Yijiang(the School of Political Science and International Relations,Tongji University)

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院,上海200092

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2024年第9期130-159,163,164,共32页World Economics and Politics

摘　　要：随着“全球南方”在国际体系中影响力的日益彰显,评估发展中国家集团参与国际谈判的策略和绩效对于理解新兴力量在全球治理中角色的价值日益突出。作者聚焦全球多边环境公约谈判中的非洲集团,重点探讨议题影响力、内部一致性和利益接近性三个要素如何共同塑造谈判集团的谈判有效性。通过对比非洲集团在《生物多样性公约》《联合国气候变化框架公约》《联合国防治荒漠化公约》谈判中的行为,可以发现这三个要素影响谈判有效性的方式和程度不尽相同:议题影响力很大程度上决定了谈判空间和策略选择;内部一致性影响着集体优势的发挥;利益接近性则反映了谈判集团争取外部支持的难易程度,是其能否占据有利谈判地位的关键。此外,对于议题影响力较强的谈判集团,利益接近性对谈判有效性的制约作用相当有限。厘清多边谈判中发展中国家集团谈判有效性的影响因素既为谈判集团的理论和实践提供了新视角,也为“全球南方”国家在全球治理中增强话语权和提升规则制定能力带来了有益启示。As the influence of the Global South in the international system becomes increasingly evident,assessing the strategies and performance of developing country groups in international negotiations holds growing significance for understanding the role of emerging powers in global governance.Focusing on the African Group in global multilateral environmental agreement negotiations,the author investigates how issue-specific power,internal cohesion,and interest convergence jointly shape the negotiation effectiveness of negotiating groups.Through a comparative analysis of the African Group's behavior in the negotiations of the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD),the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC),and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD),it can be observed that the three factors influence the negotiation effectiveness in different ways and to varying degrees:issue-specific power largely determines the negotiation space and strategy choices;internal cohesion influences the realization of collective advantages;and interest convergence reflects the ease of gaining external support,which is key to securing a favorable negotiating position.Moreover,in negotiating groups with strong issue-specific power,the constraining effect of interest convergence on negotiation effectiveness is relatively limited.Clarifying the factors influencing the negotiation effectiveness of developing country groups in multilateral negotiations not only provides new perspectives for negotiating group theory and practice but also offers valuable insights for Global South countries to enhance their voice and rule-making capacity in global governance.

关 键 词：非洲集团 多边谈判 “全球南方” 全球环境治理 谈判有效性 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]