众擎易举:在线协同灾难救援中的持续参与实践  

Many Hands Make Light Work:Serial Participation in Online Collaborative Disaster Rescue

作　　者：季诚浩 戴佳[2] 廖小欧 Ji Chenghao;Dai Jia;Liao Xiaoou

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学人文与传播学院 [2]清华大学新闻与传播学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2024年第8期64-80,127,共18页Journal of Journalism & Communication Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“新时代环境生态文明传播策划与效果研究”(项目编号:18BXW088)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在近年来一系列重大突发自然灾害事件中,围绕在线协同平台出现的自组织社群对于信息传播与灾难救援的作用日益显著。论文基于对2021年郑州暴雨救援中《待救援人员信息》在线协作文档的分析,讨论了灾难救援中的在线协同自组织社群如何维系应对灾难的网络,并在开放参与和权力集中之间寻求平衡,从而实现救援资源与需求之间的匹配,增强救援效果。论文发现,在线协同自组织社群中的持续参与者是促成救援成功的核心要素。首先,持续参与者能够提高应对灾难的网络的凝聚性和鲁棒性。其次,持续参与者通过调节网络的“核心-边缘”结构,维持了自组织的去中心化和科层结构的权力集中化之间的平衡。最后,论文讨论了以在线协同自组织为核心特征的媒介化风险治理的重要内涵与意义。In a series of major disasters that occurred recently,the role of open-source and self-organized communities in information dissemination and disaster relief has become increasingly significant.Using online collaboration platforms as a medium,volunteers collaborate to provide public goods and services based on personal motivation or professional knowledge,forming a mediatized disaster rescue.Based on the online collaboration"Rescue Document"in the 2021 rainstorm rescue in Zhengzhou,this paper discusses how the online collaboration self-organizing community maintains the network for disaster response,and seeks a balance between open participation and power concentration,so as to achieve the matching between rescue resources and needs,and enhance the rescue effect.This article finds that serial participants in online collaboration and self-organizing communities are a core element that contributes to the success of rescue efforts.Firstly,serial participants can enhance the cohesion and robustness of disaster response networks.Secondly,serial participants maintain a balance between decentralized participation and centralized bureaucratic structure by adjusting the core-periphery structure of the network.Finally,this article discusses the important characteristics and significance of mediatized governance with online collaboration and self-organization at its core.

关 键 词：持续参与者 在线协同自组织社群 灾难救援 “核心-边缘”结构 媒介化 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]