“河北胡化”新论——一个基于中原传统社会与政治结构的阐释  

A New Discussion on“Hebei Huhua Theory”:An Interpretation Based on Traditional Social and Political Structure of the Central Plains

作　　者：苏航[1] Su Hang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所民族历史研究室,100081

出　　处：《民族研究》2024年第4期73-94,M0004,M0005,共24页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“中古中国多元传统的竞争、互动与交融研究”(项目编号:2JJ1D70006);中国社会科学院“登峰”中华民族史优势学科项目(项目编号:DF2023YS35)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：陈寅恪“河北胡化论”的理论基础是民族一文化史观,其中蕴含了文化决定民族、民族一文化决定政治两个决定关系,二者反映了文化民族主义的影响。然而前者并不成立,后者则不能前置于古代时期。“河北胡化论”的核心实不在于陈寅恪所坚持的全盘胡化,其能否成立的关键在于地方化的政治模式和道德形态是否来源于非汉文化的影响。本文指出,具有差序格局的中原传统社会结构塑造了亲近疏远的行为准则,具备家国二重性的王朝国家政治结构在君臣之间构建了依附性与限制性的双重道德。二者通过人情博奔体现出来,并结合在一起,为臣民的相对主义忠诚奠定了道德基础。依据这一道德,君主必须照顾臣民亲情圈的小义小利,才能激发臣民的感报之心。这种人情之忠中双方道德义务的限度,由各方势力的政治博奔设定。河朔故事是安史乱后中央与藩镇重建统治关系过程中所达成的新的政治和道德约定,是中原社会道德模式和政治模式基于河北政治独立这一新现实的发展,而非“胡化”的结果。目河朔为“夷狄”是“尊王夷”的政治修辞,而非真实的族类区分标准。以亲情主义为主导的传统社会的组织原则为中华民族的历史凝聚提供了重要动力。The theoretical foundation of Chen Yinke's"Hebei Huhua Theory"河北胡化论(Theory of Hebei People's Assimilation by China's northern tribes)is the ethniccultural perspective of history,which contains two decisive relationships:culture determines ethnicity and ethnicity-culture determines politics,reflecting the influence of cultural nationalism.However,the former is not valid,and the latter cannot be predated to ancient times.The core of the Hebei Huhua Theory does not lie in complete Hu-assimilation on which Chen Yinke insists;rather,its validity lies in whether the localized political model and moral framework are influenced by non-Han cultures.This article points out that the traditional social structure of the Central Plains with“Chaxu Geju”差序格局(differential modes of association)has shaped norms of behavior attaching higher value to closer relationships than to those more distant,and the political structure of the dynastic state with the dual nature of family and country has constructed a dual morality of dependence and restriction between monarchs and ministers.The two are reflected and combined through the game of Renqing人情(human relationships and ethical considerations),laying a moral foundation for the subject's relativistic loyalty.According to this morality,the monarch must take care of the interests and benefits of the core-relationship circle of his subjects in order to stimulate their sense of gratitude.The limits of moral obligations of both parties in the Renqing pattern loyalty are set by the political game of various forces.The Heshuo Gushi河朔故事(The Heshuo Story)is a new political and moral agreement reached during the process of rebuilding the ruling relationship between the central government and the feudal lords after the An-and-Shi Rebellion安史之乱.It represents the development of the moral and political models of the Central Plains society based on the new reality of Hebei's political independence,rather than a result of assimilation by Hu.Identifying Heshuo pe

关 键 词：河北胡化 民族文化史观 差序格局 家国二重性 亲情主义 

分 类 号：C91[经济管理]